महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-28, verse-9

तमतिक्रान्तमर्यादमाददानमसांप्रतम् ।
प्रतिषेधन्ति राजानो लुब्धा मृगमिवेषुभिः ॥९॥

9. tamatikrāntamaryādamādadānamasāṁpratam ,
pratiṣedhanti rājāno lubdhā mṛgamiveṣubhiḥ.

9. tam atikrāntamaryādam ādadānam asāmpratam
pratiṣedhanti rājānaḥ lubdhāḥ mṛgam iva iṣubhiḥ

9. lubdhāḥ rājānaḥ tam atikrāntamaryādam asāmpratam
ādadānam iṣubhiḥ mṛgam iva pratiṣedhanti

9. Greedy kings restrain him who transgresses the natural law (dharma) and seizes what is improper, just as (hunters restrain) a deer with arrows.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him (the person being described) (him, that)

• अतिक्रान्तमर्यादम् (atikrāntamaryādam) - one who has transgressed the natural law (dharma) (one who has transgressed boundaries/limits)

• आददानम् (ādadānam) - seizing, acquiring (taking, seizing, accepting)

• असाम्प्रतम् (asāmpratam) - what is improper or unjust (improper, unsuitable, unjust, untimely)

• प्रतिषेधन्ति (pratiṣedhanti) - they restrain, they thwart (they obstruct, prevent, repel, prohibit)

• राजानः (rājānaḥ) - kings

• लुब्धाः (lubdhāḥ) - greedy (greedy, covetous, eager)

• मृगम् (mṛgam) - a deer (deer, animal)

• इव (iva) - just as (like, as, as if)

• इषुभिः (iṣubhiḥ) - with arrows

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him (the person being described) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the person whose actions are described by the following participles.

अतिक्रान्तमर्यादम् (atikrāntamaryādam) - one who has transgressed the natural law (dharma) (one who has transgressed boundaries/limits)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of atikrāntamaryāda

atikrāntamaryāda - having transgressed limits, one who has exceeded bounds

Bahuvrihi compound: atikrānta (crossed/transgressed) + maryādā (boundary/limit/natural law)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (atikrānta+maryādā)

• atikrānta – crossed, transgressed, passed over
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From ati-kram (to step over, transgress)
  Prefix: ati
  Root: kram (class 1)
• maryādā – boundary, limit, custom, natural law (dharma)
  noun (feminine)

Note: Describes the person referred to by 'tam'.

आददानम् (ādadānam) - seizing, acquiring (taking, seizing, accepting)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ādadāna

ādadāna - taking, seizing, receiving, accepting

Present Participle (Ātmanepada)

From root 'dā' (to give) with prefix 'ā' (towards, to take). In Ātmanepada, it means 'taking for oneself'.

Prefix: ā

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Describes the person referred to by 'tam'.

असाम्प्रतम् (asāmpratam) - what is improper or unjust (improper, unsuitable, unjust, untimely)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of asāmprata

asāmprata - improper, unsuitable, unseasonable, unjust

Negation (na) of 'sāmprata' (proper, suitable)

Compound type : tatpurusha (a+sāmprata)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• sāmprata – proper, suitable, timely, fit
  adjective (neuter)
  From 'samprati' (now, at present, suitably)

Note: Functions as the object of 'ādadānam', meaning 'taking that which is improper'.

प्रतिषेधन्ति (pratiṣedhanti) - they restrain, they thwart (they obstruct, prevent, repel, prohibit)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of pratiṣedh

From root 'sidh' (to ward off, succeed) with prefix 'prati' (against, back).

Prefix: prati

Root: sidh (class 1)

राजानः (rājānaḥ) - kings

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Note: Subject of 'pratiṣedhanti'.

लुब्धाः (lubdhāḥ) - greedy (greedy, covetous, eager)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of lubdha

lubdha - greedy, covetous, attracted, bewildered

Past Passive Participle

From root 'lubh' (to covet, desire)

Root: lubh (class 4)

Note: Agrees with 'rājānaḥ'.

मृगम् (mṛgam) - a deer (deer, animal)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mṛga

mṛga - deer, wild animal, game

Note: Object of implied action 'repelling' in simile.

इव (iva) - just as (like, as, as if)

(indeclinable)

इषुभिः (iṣubhiḥ) - with arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of iṣu

iṣu - arrow

Note: Means of action for the kings / hunters in the simile.