महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-28, verse-34

शीतमुष्णं तथा वर्षं कालेन परिवर्तते ।
एवमेव मनुष्याणां सुखदुःखे नरर्षभ ॥३४॥

34. śītamuṣṇaṁ tathā varṣaṁ kālena parivartate ,
evameva manuṣyāṇāṁ sukhaduḥkhe nararṣabha.

34. śītam uṣṇam tathā varṣam kālena parivartate
evam eva manuṣyāṇām sukhaduḥkhe nararṣabha

34. nararṣabha śītam uṣṇam tathā varṣam kālena
parivartate evam eva manuṣyāṇām sukhaduḥkhe

34. Cold, heat, and rain change with the passage of time. Similarly, joy and sorrow (sukhaduḥkhe) come to human beings, O best among men.

Words meanings summery:

• शीतम् (śītam) - cold, cool

• उष्णम् (uṣṇam) - hot, warmth, heat

• तथा (tathā) - and (thus, so, and, similarly)

• वर्षम् (varṣam) - rain (rain, year, monsoon)

• कालेन (kālena) - with the passage of time (by time, in time, with time)

• परिवर्तते (parivartate) - changes (changes, revolves, turns)

• एवम् (evam) - similarly (thus, in this manner, so)

• एव (eva) - similarly, in the very same way (only, just, indeed, precisely)

• मनुष्याणाम् (manuṣyāṇām) - for human beings (of humans, for humans)

• सुखदुःखे (sukhaduḥkhe) - joy and sorrow (joy and sorrow, happiness and misery)

• नरर्षभ (nararṣabha) - O best among men (O best of men, O chief of men)

Words meanings and morphology

शीतम् (śītam) - cold, cool

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śīta

śīta - cold, cool; coldness

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of śī, or derived from śī (to be cold)

Root: śī (class 2)

Note: Used as a noun.

उष्णम् (uṣṇam) - hot, warmth, heat

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of uṣṇa

uṣṇa - hot, warm; heat, warmth

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of √uṣ (to burn)

Root: uṣ (class 1)

Note: Used as a noun.

तथा (tathā) - and (thus, so, and, similarly)

(indeclinable)

वर्षम् (varṣam) - rain (rain, year, monsoon)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of varṣa

varṣa - rain, shower, year

Derived from √vṛṣ (to rain)

Root: vṛṣ (class 1)

कालेन (kālena) - with the passage of time (by time, in time, with time)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, period, death

परिवर्तते (parivartate) - changes (changes, revolves, turns)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present indicative (laṭ) of vṛt

Present Middle Indicative

Pāṇinian dhātupāṭha class 1 verb with prefix pari-

Prefix: pari

Root: vṛt (class 1)

एवम् (evam) - similarly (thus, in this manner, so)

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - similarly, in the very same way (only, just, indeed, precisely)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle

मनुष्याणाम् (manuṣyāṇām) - for human beings (of humans, for humans)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of manuṣya

manuṣya - human being, man

Derived from manu

Note: Genitive plural indicating "for" or "belonging to".

सुखदुःखे (sukhaduḥkhe) - joy and sorrow (joy and sorrow, happiness and misery)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, dual of sukhaduḥkha

sukhaduḥkha - happiness and misery, pleasure and pain

Compound type : dvandva (sukha+duḥkha)

• sukha – happiness, joy, pleasure
  noun (neuter)
• duḥkha – sorrow, misery, pain
  noun (neuter)

Note: Compound expressing pair of opposites, dual nominative.

नरर्षभ (nararṣabha) - O best among men (O best of men, O chief of men)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of nararṣabha

nararṣabha - bull among men, best of men

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nara+ṛṣabha)

• nara – man, human
  noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull, chief, best
  noun (masculine)

Note: Tatpuruṣa compound, used as a vocative.