महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-28, verse-4

जनक उवाच ।
आगमे यदि वापाये ज्ञातीनां द्रविणस्य च ।
नरेण प्रतिपत्तव्यं कल्याणं कथमिच्छता ॥४॥

4. janaka uvāca ,
āgame yadi vāpāye jñātīnāṁ draviṇasya ca ,
nareṇa pratipattavyaṁ kalyāṇaṁ kathamicchatā.

4. janakaḥ uvāca āgame yadi vā apāye jñātīnām draviṇasya
ca nareṇa pratipattavyam kalyāṇam katham icchatā

4. kalyāṇam icchatā nareṇa jñātīnām draviṇasya
ca āgame yadi vā apāye katham pratipattavyam

4. Janaka said: "How should a person desiring welfare act, whether it be in the acquisition or loss of kinsmen and wealth?"

Words meanings summery:

• जनकः (janakaḥ) - King Janaka (Janaka)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• आगमे (āgame) - in acquisition, in arrival

• यदि (yadi) - if, whether

• वा (vā) - or

• अपाये (apāye) - in loss, in destruction

• ज्ञातीनाम् (jñātīnām) - of kinsmen, of relatives

• द्रविणस्य (draviṇasya) - of wealth, of property

• च (ca) - and

• नरेण (nareṇa) - by a man, by a person

• प्रतिपत्तव्यम् (pratipattavyam) - how one should conduct oneself (should be acted upon, to be understood)

• कल्याणम् (kalyāṇam) - welfare, auspiciousness, good fortune

• कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

• इच्छता (icchatā) - by one desiring, by one wishing

Words meanings and morphology

जनकः (janakaḥ) - King Janaka (Janaka)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of janaka

janaka - Janaka (name of a king, father of Sītā)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

आगमे (āgame) - in acquisition, in arrival

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of āgama

āgama - coming, arrival, acquisition, tradition

Derived from root 'gam' with prefix 'ā'

Prefix: ā

Root: gam (class 1)

यदि (yadi) - if, whether

(indeclinable)

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

अपाये (apāye) - in loss, in destruction

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of apāya

apāya - loss, disappearance, destruction, departure

Derived from root 'i' with prefix 'apa'

Prefix: apa

Root: i (class 2)

ज्ञातीनाम् (jñātīnām) - of kinsmen, of relatives

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of jñāti

jñāti - kinsman, relative, family member

द्रविणस्य (draviṇasya) - of wealth, of property

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of draviṇa

draviṇa - wealth, property, money, substance

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

नरेण (nareṇa) - by a man, by a person

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of nara

nara - man, human being, person

प्रतिपत्तव्यम् (pratipattavyam) - how one should conduct oneself (should be acted upon, to be understood)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of pratipattavya

pratipattavya - to be obtained, to be understood, to be known, to be acted upon

Gerundive / Future Passive Participle

Derived from root 'pad' with prefix 'prati' and '-tavya' suffix

Prefix: prati

Root: pad (class 4)

कल्याणम् (kalyāṇam) - welfare, auspiciousness, good fortune

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kalyāṇa

kalyāṇa - welfare, good fortune, auspiciousness, virtue

कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

(indeclinable)

इच्छता (icchatā) - by one desiring, by one wishing

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of icchat

iṣ - to wish, to desire

Present Active Participle

Present active participle of root 'iṣ' (class 6), instrumental singular masculine/neuter

Root: iṣ (class 6)