महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-28, verse-47

तथैव तपसोपेताः स्वाध्यायाभ्यसने रताः ।
दातारो यज्ञशीलाश्च न तरन्ति जरान्तकौ ॥४७॥

47. tathaiva tapasopetāḥ svādhyāyābhyasane ratāḥ ,
dātāro yajñaśīlāśca na taranti jarāntakau.

47. tathā eva tapasā upetāḥ svādhyāyābhyasane ratāḥ
dātāraḥ yajñaśīlāḥ ca na taranti jarāntakau

47. tathā eva tapasā upetāḥ svādhyāyābhyasane ratāḥ
dātāraḥ ca yajñaśīlāḥ jarāntakau na taranti

47. Similarly, even those who are endowed with spiritual austerity (tapas), devoted to the practice of self-study (svādhyāya), generous donors (dātāraḥ), and accustomed to performing Vedic rituals (yajña), do not overcome old age and death.

Words meanings summery:

• तथा (tathā) - similarly (thus, so, in the same way)

• एव (eva) - indeed, just, only, even

• तपसा (tapasā) - by spiritual austerity (tapas) (by austerity, by penance)

• उपेताः (upetāḥ) - endowed with, possessed of, approached

• स्वाध्यायाभ्यसने (svādhyāyābhyasane) - in the practice of sacred study (svādhyāya) (in the practice of self-study)

• रताः (ratāḥ) - devoted, engaged, delighting in

• दातारः (dātāraḥ) - generous donors (givers, donors)

• यज्ञशीलाः (yajñaśīlāḥ) - accustomed to performing sacrifices (yajña) (accustomed to sacrifice, performing sacrifices)

• च (ca) - and

• न (na) - not, no

• तरन्ति (taranti) - they cross, they overcome, they pass over

• जरान्तकौ (jarāntakau) - old age and death (old age and death/its ender)

Words meanings and morphology

तथा (tathā) - similarly (thus, so, in the same way)

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, just, only, even

(indeclinable)

तपसा (tapasā) - by spiritual austerity (tapas) (by austerity, by penance)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - austerity, penance, heat, spiritual fervor

Root: tap (class 1)

उपेताः (upetāḥ) - endowed with, possessed of, approached

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of upeta

upeta - endowed with, possessed of, approached, attained, gone near

Past Passive Participle

From upa (prefix) + √i (to go).

Prefix: upa

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Agrees with the implied subject 'they'.

स्वाध्यायाभ्यसने (svādhyāyābhyasane) - in the practice of sacred study (svādhyāya) (in the practice of self-study)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of svādhyāyābhyasana

svādhyāyābhyasana - practice of self-study, devotion to sacred texts

Compound of svādhyāya and abhyasana.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (svādhyāya+abhyasana)

• svādhyāya – self-study, recitation of sacred texts, study of the Vedas
  noun (masculine)
  sva (self) + adhyāya (study).
• abhyasana – practice, repetition, exercise
  noun (neuter)
  From abhi (prefix) + √as (to throw, to practice).
  Prefix: abhi
  Root: as (class 4)

रताः (ratāḥ) - devoted, engaged, delighting in

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rata

rata - devoted, engaged, attached, pleased, delighting in

Past Passive Participle

From root √ram (to delight, to rest).

Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Agrees with implied subject.

दातारः (dātāraḥ) - generous donors (givers, donors)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dātṛ

dātṛ - giver, donor, liberal, generous

Agent Noun

From root √dā (to give) + tṛc suffix.

Root: dā (class 3)

यज्ञशीलाः (yajñaśīlāḥ) - accustomed to performing sacrifices (yajña) (accustomed to sacrifice, performing sacrifices)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yajñaśīla

yajñaśīla - one whose nature is sacrifice, accustomed to performing sacrifices

Tatpuruṣa compound of yajña and śīla.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (yajña+śīla)

• yajña – sacrifice, ritual, offering
  noun (masculine)
  From root √yaj (to sacrifice).
  Root: yaj (class 1)
• śīla – nature, character, habit, conduct
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with implied subject.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

तरन्ति (taranti) - they cross, they overcome, they pass over

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of tṛ

Present Indicative

Root: tṛ (class 1)

जरान्तकौ (jarāntakau) - old age and death (old age and death/its ender)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of jarāntaka

jarāntaka - old age and death (as a dual concept), death of old age

Dvandva compound of jarā and antaka.

Compound type : dvandva (jarā+antaka)

• jarā – old age, decay
  noun (feminine)
• antaka – ender, destroyer, death, Yama
  noun (masculine)
  From root √ant (to end).
  Root: ant (class 10)

Note: Also nominative dual. Context indicates accusative as object of taranti.