महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-28, verse-21

आसनं शयनं यानमुत्थानं पानभोजनम् ।
नियतं सर्वभूतानां कालेनैव भवन्त्युत ॥२१॥

21. āsanaṁ śayanaṁ yānamutthānaṁ pānabhojanam ,
niyataṁ sarvabhūtānāṁ kālenaiva bhavantyuta.

21. āsanam śayanam yānam utthānam pānabhojanam
niyatam sarvabhūtānām kālena eva bhavanti uta

21. sarvabhūtānām āsanam śayanam yānam utthānam
pānabhojanam niyatam kālena eva uta bhavanti

21. The actions of sitting, sleeping, traveling, rising, drinking, and eating are all predetermined for all beings. They occur solely by the influence of time.

Words meanings summery:

• आसनम् (āsanam) - sitting, seat, posture

• शयनम् (śayanam) - sleeping, bed, lying down

• यानम् (yānam) - going, moving, vehicle, journey

• उत्थानम् (utthānam) - rising, getting up, effort

• पानभोजनम् (pānabhojanam) - drinking and eating

• नियतम् (niyatam) - fixed, destined, regulated, constrained

• सर्वभूतानाम् (sarvabhūtānām) - of all beings, of all creatures

• कालेन (kālena) - by time

• एव (eva) - only, just, indeed

• भवन्ति (bhavanti) - they become, they happen, they exist

• उत (uta) - moreover, and, indeed

Words meanings and morphology

आसनम् (āsanam) - sitting, seat, posture

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of āsana

āsana - sitting, seat, posture, a particular posture in Yoga (yoga), a place for sitting

derived from √ās (to sit) + -ana suffix

Root: ās (class 2)

Note: Here likely nominative in a list of subjects.

शयनम् (śayanam) - sleeping, bed, lying down

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śayana

śayana - sleeping, bed, couch, lying down

derived from √śī (to lie down, sleep) + -ana suffix

Root: śī (class 2)

Note: Here likely nominative in a list of subjects.

यानम् (yānam) - going, moving, vehicle, journey

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yāna

yāna - going, moving, travel, journey, vehicle, a path

derived from √yā (to go) + -ana suffix

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Here likely nominative in a list of subjects.

उत्थानम् (utthānam) - rising, getting up, effort

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of utthāna

utthāna - rising, getting up, exertion, effort, undertaking

derived from ut-√sthā (to stand up) + -ana suffix

Prefix: ut

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Here likely nominative in a list of subjects.

पानभोजनम् (pānabhojanam) - drinking and eating

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of pānabhojana

pānabhojana - drinking and eating, food and drink

Compound type : dvandva (pāna+bhojana)

• pāna – drinking, beverage
  noun (neuter)
  derived from √pā (to drink) + -ana suffix
  Root: pā (class 1)
• bhojana – eating, food, meal
  noun (neuter)
  derived from √bhuj (to eat, enjoy) + -ana suffix
  Root: bhuj (class 7)

Note: Here likely nominative in a list of subjects. The singular form of a dvandva compound often denotes a collective.

नियतम् (niyatam) - fixed, destined, regulated, constrained

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of niyata

niyata - fixed, restrained, regulated, destined, controlled

Past Passive Participle

from ni-√yam (to restrain, control) + -ta

Prefix: ni

Root: yam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with the preceding neuter singular nouns.

सर्वभूतानाम् (sarvabhūtānām) - of all beings, of all creatures

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, plural of sarvabhūta

sarvabhūta - all beings, all creatures

Compound type : karmadhāraya (sarva+bhūta)

• sarva – all, every
  pronoun (masculine)
• bhūta – being, creature, element, past, existent
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  from √bhū (to be, become) + -ta
  Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Refers to 'of all creatures' or 'for all creatures'.

कालेन (kālena) - by time

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, period, season, death

Note: Signifies agency or means 'by time'.

एव (eva) - only, just, indeed

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes 'by time'.

भवन्ति (bhavanti) - they become, they happen, they exist

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present indicative (laṭ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

उत (uta) - moreover, and, indeed

(indeclinable)

Note: An emphatic particle.