महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-28, verse-31

स्त्रियोऽक्षा मृगया पानं प्रसङ्गान्निन्दिता बुधैः ।
दृश्यन्ते चापि बहवः संप्रसक्ता बहुश्रुताः ॥३१॥

31. striyo'kṣā mṛgayā pānaṁ prasaṅgānninditā budhaiḥ ,
dṛśyante cāpi bahavaḥ saṁprasaktā bahuśrutāḥ.

31. striyaḥ akṣāḥ mṛgayā pānam prasaṅgāt ninditāḥ budhaiḥ
dṛśyante ca api bahavaḥ saṃprasaktāḥ bahuśrutāḥ

31. budhaiḥ prasaṅgāt striyaḥ akṣāḥ mṛgayā pānam ninditāḥ
ca api bahavaḥ bahuśrutāḥ saṃprasaktāḥ dṛśyante

31. Excessive indulgence (prasaṅga) in women, gambling, hunting, and drinking are censured by the wise. Yet, many highly learned (bahuśrutāḥ) individuals are also observed to be deeply attached to them.

Words meanings summery:

• स्त्रियः (striyaḥ) - women

• अक्षाः (akṣāḥ) - gambling (as a vice) (dice, gambling, game of dice)

• मृगया (mṛgayā) - hunting

• पानम् (pānam) - drinking (alcohol, as a vice) (drinking, drink)

• प्रसङ्गात् (prasaṅgāt) - due to excessive indulgence (from attachment, due to association, from context, by connection (prasaṅga))

• निन्दिताः (ninditāḥ) - censured, blamed, condemned

• बुधैः (budhaiḥ) - by the wise, by scholars, by intelligent people

• दृश्यन्ते (dṛśyante) - are seen, are observed, appear

• च (ca) - and, also

• अपि (api) - also, even

• बहवः (bahavaḥ) - many, numerous

• संप्रसक्ताः (saṁprasaktāḥ) - deeply attached, addicted, engrossed

• बहुश्रुताः (bahuśrutāḥ) - very learned, highly educated, having heard much (bahuśrutāḥ)

Words meanings and morphology

स्त्रियः (striyaḥ) - women

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of strī

strī - woman, female

अक्षाः (akṣāḥ) - gambling (as a vice) (dice, gambling, game of dice)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of akṣa

akṣa - die (for gambling), game of dice, axis, eye

मृगया (mṛgayā) - hunting

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of mṛgayā

mṛgayā - hunting, the chase

Root: mṛg (class 10)

पानम् (pānam) - drinking (alcohol, as a vice) (drinking, drink)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of pāna

pāna - drinking, a drink, beverage

From root pā (to drink)

Root: pā (class 1)

प्रसङ्गात् (prasaṅgāt) - due to excessive indulgence (from attachment, due to association, from context, by connection (prasaṅga))

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of prasaṅga

prasaṅga - attachment, close connection, addiction, context, occasion (prasaṅga)

From pra-sañj (to cling to)

Prefix: pra

Root: sañj (class 1)

Note: Here implies 'on account of the habit/indulgence'.

निन्दिताः (ninditāḥ) - censured, blamed, condemned

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nindita

nindita - censured, blamed, reproached, reviled

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of root nind (to blame)

Root: nind (class 1)

Note: Refers to the vices (striyaḥ, akṣāḥ, mṛgayā, pānam) as objects of censure. Syntactically it's a predicate adjective.

बुधैः (budhaiḥ) - by the wise, by scholars, by intelligent people

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of budha

budha - wise, intelligent, learned; a wise man, a scholar

Root: budh (class 1)

Note: Agent in a passive construction ('are censured by').

दृश्यन्ते (dṛśyante) - are seen, are observed, appear

(verb)

3rd person , plural, passive, present (laṭ) of dṛś

Present Passive

3rd person plural present passive from root dṛś

Root: dṛś (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - also, even

(indeclinable)

बहवः (bahavaḥ) - many, numerous

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bahu

bahu - much, many, numerous, abundant

संप्रसक्ताः (saṁprasaktāḥ) - deeply attached, addicted, engrossed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of saṃprasakta

saṁprasakta - deeply attached, addicted, devoted, engrossed

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle from root sañj with upasargas sam and pra

Prefixes: sam+pra

Root: sañj (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'bahavaḥ' and 'bahuśrutāḥ'.

बहुश्रुताः (bahuśrutāḥ) - very learned, highly educated, having heard much (bahuśrutāḥ)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bahuśruta

bahuśruta - very learned, highly educated, having heard much (bahuśruta)

Bahuvrihi compound: bahu (much) + śruta (heard/learned)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (bahu+śruta)

• bahu – much, many
  adjective (masculine)
• śruta – heard, learned, knowledge (from hearing)
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root śru (to hear)
  Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Qualifies 'bahavaḥ'.