महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-28, verse-2

व्यास उवाच ।
अत्राप्युदाहरन्तीममितिहासं पुरातनम् ।
अश्मगीतं नरव्याघ्र तन्निबोध युधिष्ठिर ॥२॥

2. vyāsa uvāca ,
atrāpyudāharantīmamitihāsaṁ purātanam ,
aśmagītaṁ naravyāghra tannibodha yudhiṣṭhira.

2. vyāsaḥ uvāca atra api udāharanti imam itihāsam
purātanam aśmagītam naravyāghra tat nibodha yudhiṣṭhira

2. yudhiṣṭhira naravyāghra atra api imam purātanam
aśmagītam itihāsam udāharanti tat nibodha

2. Vyāsa said: "O Yudhiṣṭhira, O tiger among men, they also recount here this ancient narrative (itihāsa), which was sung by a stone. Listen to it."

Words meanings summery:

• व्यासः (vyāsaḥ) - the sage Vyāsa (Vyāsa)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• अत्र (atra) - here, in this regard

• अपि (api) - also, even

• उदाहरन्ति (udāharanti) - they relate, they cite

• इमम् (imam) - this (narrative) (this (masculine accusative singular))

• इतिहासम् (itihāsam) - historical narrative, legend (itihāsa)

• पुरातनम् (purātanam) - ancient, old

• अश्मगीतम् (aśmagītam) - a narrative related by a stone (sung by a stone, related by a stone)

• नरव्याघ्र (naravyāghra) - O great man, O eminent hero (an epithet for Yudhiṣṭhira) (O tiger among men)

• तत् (tat) - that (narrative) (that)

• निबोध (nibodha) - listen to and understand (understand, learn, know)

• युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - O Yudhiṣṭhira (Yudhiṣṭhira)

Words meanings and morphology

व्यासः (vyāsaḥ) - the sage Vyāsa (Vyāsa)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vyāsa

vyāsa - Vyāsa (name of a revered sage, author of the Mahābhārata)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

अत्र (atra) - here, in this regard

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - also, even

(indeclinable)

उदाहरन्ति (udāharanti) - they relate, they cite

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of udāhṛ

Present tense of the verb 'hṛ' with prefixes 'ud' and 'ā'

Prefixes: ud+ā

Root: hṛ (class 1)

इमम् (imam) - this (narrative) (this (masculine accusative singular))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this here

इतिहासम् (itihāsam) - historical narrative, legend (itihāsa)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of itihāsa

itihāsa - history, historical narrative, legend, tradition (itihāsa)

पुरातनम् (purātanam) - ancient, old

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of purātana

purātana - ancient, old, former, primeval

अश्मगीतम् (aśmagītam) - a narrative related by a stone (sung by a stone, related by a stone)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of aśmagīta

aśmagīta - sung by a stone

Past Passive Participle

Compound formed from aśman (stone) and gīta (sung/narrated)

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (aśman+gīta)

• aśman – stone, rock
  noun (masculine)
• gīta – sung, chanted, narrated
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  PPP of root 'gai' (to sing)
  Root: gai (class 1)

नरव्याघ्र (naravyāghra) - O great man, O eminent hero (an epithet for Yudhiṣṭhira) (O tiger among men)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of naravyāghra

naravyāghra - tiger among men, best of men

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (nara+vyāghra)

• nara – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• vyāghra – tiger
  noun (masculine)

तत् (tat) - that (narrative) (that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

निबोध (nibodha) - listen to and understand (understand, learn, know)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of nibudh

Imperative form of the verb 'budh' with prefix 'ni'

Prefix: ni

Root: budh (class 1)

युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - O Yudhiṣṭhira (Yudhiṣṭhira)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhiṣṭhira (name of the eldest Pāṇḍava prince)