महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-28, verse-25

व्याधिरग्निर्जलं शस्त्रं बुभुक्षा श्वापदं विषम् ।
रज्ज्वा च मरणं जन्तोरुच्चाच्च पतनं तथा ॥२५॥

25. vyādhiragnirjalaṁ śastraṁ bubhukṣā śvāpadaṁ viṣam ,
rajjvā ca maraṇaṁ jantoruccācca patanaṁ tathā.

25. vyādhiḥ agniḥ jalam śastram bubhukṣā śvāpadam viṣam
rajjvā ca maraṇam jantoḥ uccāt ca patanam tathā

25. jantoḥ maraṇam (is caused by) vyādhiḥ agniḥ jalam śastram
bubhukṣā śvāpadam viṣam ca rajjvā ca uccāt patanam tathā

25. A living being can die from disease, fire, water, weapons, hunger, wild animals, poison, by a rope, or by falling from a height.

Words meanings summery:

• व्याधिः (vyādhiḥ) - disease (as a cause of death) (disease, sickness, ailment)

• अग्निः (agniḥ) - fire (as a cause of death) (fire, god of fire)

• जलम् (jalam) - water (as a cause of death, e.g., by drowning) (water)

• शस्त्रम् (śastram) - weapon (as a cause of death) (weapon, instrument, tool)

• बुभुक्षा (bubhukṣā) - hunger (as a cause of death) (hunger, desire to eat)

• श्वापदम् (śvāpadam) - wild animals (as a cause of death) (wild animal, beast of prey)

• विषम् (viṣam) - poison (as a cause of death) (poison, venom)

• रज्ज्वा (rajjvā) - by a rope (as a cause of death, e.g. hanging) (by a rope, with a cord)

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• मरणम् (maraṇam) - death (death, dying, decease)

• जन्तोः (jantoḥ) - of a living being (of a living being, of a creature, of an animal)

• उच्चात् (uccāt) - from a high place (from a high place, from above)

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• पतनम् (patanam) - falling (as a cause of death) (falling, descent, fall)

• तथा (tathā) - similarly (implying 'are causes of death') (thus, so, in that manner, similarly, likewise)

Words meanings and morphology

व्याधिः (vyādhiḥ) - disease (as a cause of death) (disease, sickness, ailment)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vyādhi

vyādhi - disease, sickness, ailment, affliction

Prefixes: vi+ā

Root: dhā (class 3)

अग्निः (agniḥ) - fire (as a cause of death) (fire, god of fire)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of agni

agni - fire, god of fire, sacrificial fire

जलम् (jalam) - water (as a cause of death, e.g., by drowning) (water)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of jala

jala - water, fluid, sap

शस्त्रम् (śastram) - weapon (as a cause of death) (weapon, instrument, tool)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śastra

śastra - weapon, sword, instrument, tool

Root: śaṃs (class 1)

बुभुक्षा (bubhukṣā) - hunger (as a cause of death) (hunger, desire to eat)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of bubhukṣā

bubhukṣā - hunger, desire to eat, appetite

Desiderative noun from root bhuj

Root: bhuj (class 7)

श्वापदम् (śvāpadam) - wild animals (as a cause of death) (wild animal, beast of prey)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śvāpada

śvāpada - wild animal, beast of prey, carnivorous animal

Literally 'dog-footed'

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (śvan+pada)

• śvan – dog
  noun (masculine)
• pada – foot, step, mark
  noun (neuter)
  Root: pad (class 4)

विषम् (viṣam) - poison (as a cause of death) (poison, venom)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of viṣa

viṣa - poison, venom, toxin

रज्ज्वा (rajjvā) - by a rope (as a cause of death, e.g. hanging) (by a rope, with a cord)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of rajjū

rajjū - rope, cord, string

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

मरणम् (maraṇam) - death (death, dying, decease)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of maraṇa

maraṇa - death, dying, decease

Derived from root mṛ

Root: mṛ (class 6)

जन्तोः (jantoḥ) - of a living being (of a living being, of a creature, of an animal)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of jantu

jantu - living being, creature, animal, man

Derived from root jan (to be born)

Root: jan (class 4)

उच्चात् (uccāt) - from a high place (from a high place, from above)

(adjective)

Ablative, singular of ucca

ucca - high, elevated, lofty

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

पतनम् (patanam) - falling (as a cause of death) (falling, descent, fall)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of patana

patana - falling, descent, fall, dropping

Derived from root pat (to fall)

Root: pat (class 1)

तथा (tathā) - similarly (implying 'are causes of death') (thus, so, in that manner, similarly, likewise)

(indeclinable)