महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-28, verse-16

सुखं वा यदि वा दुःखं भूतानां पर्युपस्थितम् ।
प्राप्तव्यमवशैः सर्वं परिहारो न विद्यते ॥१६॥

16. sukhaṁ vā yadi vā duḥkhaṁ bhūtānāṁ paryupasthitam ,
prāptavyamavaśaiḥ sarvaṁ parihāro na vidyate.

16. sukham vā yadi vā duḥkham bhūtānām paryupasthitam
prāptavyam avaśaiḥ sarvam parihāraḥ na vidyate

16. yadi sukham vā yadi duḥkham vā bhūtānām paryupasthitam,
sarvam avaśaiḥ prāptavyam,
parihāraḥ na vidyate

16. Whether happiness or suffering, whatever has come upon beings, all of it must be experienced by those who are helpless; there is no escape.

Words meanings summery:

• सुखम् (sukham) - happiness, pleasure

• वा (vā) - or, either

• यदि (yadi) - if, whether

• वा (vā) - or, either

• दुःखम् (duḥkham) - suffering, misery

• भूतानाम् (bhūtānām) - of beings, of creatures

• पर्युपस्थितम् (paryupasthitam) - whatever has befallen beings (approached, presented, befallen)

• प्राप्तव्यम् (prāptavyam) - to be obtained, must be experienced

• अवशैः (avaśaiḥ) - by the helpless, by those without control

• सर्वम् (sarvam) - all of it (referring to happiness or suffering) (all, everything)

• परिहारः (parihāraḥ) - abandonment, evasion, escape, avoidance

• न (na) - not

• विद्यते (vidyate) - exists, is found

Words meanings and morphology

सुखम् (sukham) - happiness, pleasure

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sukha

sukha - happiness, pleasure, joy, ease

Note: Can also be accusative. Nominative fits here as the subject of an implied verb 'is'.

वा (vā) - or, either

(indeclinable)

यदि (yadi) - if, whether

(indeclinable)

वा (vā) - or, either

(indeclinable)

दुःखम् (duḥkham) - suffering, misery

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - sorrow, suffering, misery, pain

Note: Nominative singular, parallel to 'sukham'.

भूतानाम् (bhūtānām) - of beings, of creatures

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, plural of bhūta

bhūta - being, creature, living thing, past, element

Past Passive Participle

From root bhū (to be, to exist).

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Indicates the recipients of 'sukham' or 'duḥkham'.

पर्युपस्थितम् (paryupasthitam) - whatever has befallen beings (approached, presented, befallen)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of paryupasthita

sthā - to stand, to be present, to occur

Past Passive Participle

From root sthā (to stand) with upasargas pari- (around) and upa- (near).

Prefixes: pari+upa

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Predicate adjective for 'sukham' and 'duḥkham'.

प्राप्तव्यम् (prāptavyam) - to be obtained, must be experienced

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of prāptavya

prāptavya - to be obtained, to be reached, to be experienced, to be acquired

Gerundive (tavya)

From root āp (to obtain, to reach) with upasarga pra- and suffix -tavya.

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Predicate adjective for 'sarvam'.

अवशैः (avaśaiḥ) - by the helpless, by those without control

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of avaśa

avaśa - helpless, powerless, independent (with negation)

Compound: a- (negation) + vaśa (control, will).

Compound type : tatpurusha (a+vaśa)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• vaśa – will, control, power
  noun (masculine)
  Root: vaś (class 2)

Note: Agent of the gerundive 'prāptavyam'.

सर्वम् (sarvam) - all of it (referring to happiness or suffering) (all, everything)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, entire

Note: Subject of the passive 'prāptavyam'.

परिहारः (parihāraḥ) - abandonment, evasion, escape, avoidance

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of parihāra

parihāra - abandonment, evasion, escape, avoidance, leaving out

From root hṛ (to take, carry) with upasarga pari- (around, away).

Prefix: pari

Root: hṛ (class 1)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

विद्यते (vidyate) - exists, is found

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of vid

Present Middle Voice, 3rd Person Singular

From root vid (to know, to exist, class 2 or 7, here used as class 4/diś for 'to exist').

Root: vid (class 4)

Note: The subject is 'parihāraḥ'.