महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-162, verse-5

भीष्म उवाच ।
संधेयान्पुरुषान्राजन्नसंधेयांश्च तत्त्वतः ।
वदतो मे निबोध त्वं निखिलेन युधिष्ठिर ॥५॥

5. bhīṣma uvāca ,
saṁdheyānpuruṣānrājannasaṁdheyāṁśca tattvataḥ ,
vadato me nibodha tvaṁ nikhilena yudhiṣṭhira.

5. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca sandheyān puruṣān rājan asandheyān ca
tattvataḥ vadataḥ me nibodha tvam nikhilena yudhiṣṭhira

5. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca rājan yudhiṣṭhira me vadataḥ sandheyān
puruṣān ca asandheyān tattvataḥ nikhilena tvam nibodha

5. Bhishma said: O King Yudhishthira, listen to me attentively as I comprehensively explain the types of men with whom alliances can truly be formed, and those with whom they cannot.

Words meanings summery:

• भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma (proper noun)

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

• सन्धेयान् (sandheyān) - those to be allied with, those with whom alliance can be made

• पुरुषान् (puruṣān) - men, persons

• राजन् (rājan) - O King

• असन्धेयान् (asandheyān) - those with whom alliance cannot be made

• च (ca) - and

• तत्त्वतः (tattvataḥ) - truly, in essence, in principle

• वदतः (vadataḥ) - (while) I speak (speaking, while speaking (genitive of agent))

• मे (me) - to me, my

• निबोध (nibodha) - listen (to me) (understand, perceive, listen)

• त्वम् (tvam) - you

• निखिलेन (nikhilena) - completely, entirely, fully

• युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhishthira (proper noun)

Words meanings and morphology

भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma (proper noun)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma (name of a character in Mahabharata), terrible, formidable

From root bhī (to fear) + ṣma suffix

Root: bhī (class 3)

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect indicative (liṭ) of vac

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular

Perfect indicative, parasmaipada. Root vac takes reduplication 'u' in perfect.

Root: vac (class 2)

सन्धेयान् (sandheyān) - those to be allied with, those with whom alliance can be made

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sandheya

sandheya - to be joined, to be allied, to be reconciled

Gerundive

From sam + root dhā (to place, to join) + ya suffix

Prefix: sam

Root: dhā (class 3)

पुरुषान् (puruṣān) - men, persons

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of puruṣa

puruṣa - man, person, human being, the Supreme Being (puruṣa)

राजन् (rājan) - O King

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

n-stem noun

Root: rāj (class 1)

असन्धेयान् (asandheyān) - those with whom alliance cannot be made

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of asandheya

asandheya - not to be joined, not to be allied, irreconcilable

Gerundive

Negative compound of a + sandheya

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+sandheya)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• sandheya – to be joined, to be allied, to be reconciled
  adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)
  Gerundive
  From sam + root dhā + ya suffix
  Prefix: sam
  Root: dhā (class 3)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

तत्त्वतः (tattvataḥ) - truly, in essence, in principle

(indeclinable)

From tattva (reality, truth) + tas suffix

वदतः (vadataḥ) - (while) I speak (speaking, while speaking (genitive of agent))

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of vadat

vadat - speaking, talking

Present Active Participle

From root vad (to speak) + śatṛ suffix

Root: vad (class 1)

मे (me) - to me, my

(pronoun)

singular of aham

aham - I, myself

Pronominal dative/genitive singular of aham.

निबोध (nibodha) - listen (to me) (understand, perceive, listen)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present imperative (loṭ) of ni-budh

Imperative mood, 2nd person singular

Present imperative, parasmaipada. From ni (prefix) + root budh.

Prefix: ni

Root: budh (class 1)

त्वम् (tvam) - you

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

2nd person pronoun, nominative singular.

निखिलेन (nikhilena) - completely, entirely, fully

(indeclinable)

From ni (prefix) + khila (gap, space), thus 'without gap'.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (ni+khila)

• ni – down, into, completely, without
  indeclinable
  Prefix
• khila – gap, vacant space, remnant, deficiency
  noun (neuter)

Note: Adverbial usage of instrumental singular of the adjective nikhila.

युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhishthira (proper noun)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhishthira (name of the eldest Pandava brother), firm in battle

Compound: yudhi (in battle, locative of yudh fight) + sthira (firm)

Compound type : aluk-tatpuruṣa (yudh+sthira)

• yudh – battle, fight
  noun (feminine)
  From root yudh (to fight)
  Root: yudh (class 4)
• sthira – firm, steady, stable
  adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)
  From root sthā (to stand)
  Root: sthā (class 1)