महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-162, verse-46

अवबुध्यात्मनात्मानं सत्यं शीलं श्रुतं दमम् ।
अनुक्रोशं च संस्मृत्य त्यज वासमिमं द्विज ॥४६॥

46. avabudhyātmanātmānaṁ satyaṁ śīlaṁ śrutaṁ damam ,
anukrośaṁ ca saṁsmṛtya tyaja vāsamimaṁ dvija.

46. avabudhya ātmanā ātmānam satyam śīlam śrutam damam
anukrośam ca saṃsmṛtya tyaja vāsam imam dvija

46. dvija ātmanā ātmānam avabudhya ca satyam śīlam
śrutam damam anukrośam saṃsmṛtya imam vāsam tyaja

46. O twice-born one (dvija), by realizing your true self (ātman) through your own self, and by deeply recalling truth, good character, sacred knowledge, self-restraint, and compassion, abandon this dwelling.

Words meanings summery:

• अवबुध्य (avabudhya) - having understood, having realized, perceiving

• आत्मना (ātmanā) - by one's own self (or mind) (by the self, by the soul, by oneself)

• आत्मानम् (ātmānam) - one's true, essential nature (the self, the soul, one's own self, true nature)

• सत्यम् (satyam) - truth, reality, honesty

• शीलम् (śīlam) - good character or moral conduct (character, conduct, habit, nature, virtue)

• श्रुतम् (śrutam) - sacred knowledge or traditional learning (heard, revealed, sacred knowledge, learning)

• दमम् (damam) - self-control over one's senses and mind (self-control, restraint, subduing)

• अनुक्रोशम् (anukrośam) - compassion, pity, sympathy

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• संस्मृत्य (saṁsmṛtya) - deeply recalling or contemplating (having remembered, recollecting, recalling well)

• त्यज (tyaja) - abandon, give up, renounce, leave

• वासम् (vāsam) - dwelling, residence, abode, living

• इमम् (imam) - this

• द्विज (dvija) - O Brahmin (addressing a Brahmin) (O twice-born one, O Brahmin, O bird, O tooth)

Words meanings and morphology

अवबुध्य (avabudhya) - having understood, having realized, perceiving

(indeclinable)

absolutive / gerund

formed with prefix ava- + root budh- + suffix -ya (absolutive)

Prefix: ava

Root: budh (class 1)

Note: Indeclinable participle (absolutive/gerund) indicating completion of an action.

आत्मना (ātmanā) - by one's own self (or mind) (by the self, by the soul, by oneself)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, individual soul, Supreme Soul, essence, mind, body

आत्मानम् (ātmānam) - one's true, essential nature (the self, the soul, one's own self, true nature)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, individual soul, Supreme Soul, essence, mind, body

सत्यम् (satyam) - truth, reality, honesty

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of satya

satya - truth, reality, fidelity, an oath

from 'sat' (being, existence)

Note: Can also be an adjective (true, real), but here used substantively.

शीलम् (śīlam) - good character or moral conduct (character, conduct, habit, nature, virtue)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śīla

śīla - nature, character, habit, conduct, virtue, custom

श्रुतम् (śrutam) - sacred knowledge or traditional learning (heard, revealed, sacred knowledge, learning)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śruta

śruta - heard, listened to, revealed (knowledge), sacred lore, learning

Past Passive Participle

from root śru (to hear)

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Functions as a noun here.

दमम् (damam) - self-control over one's senses and mind (self-control, restraint, subduing)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dama

dama - self-control, restraint, subjugation, taming

from root dam (to tame, control)

Root: dam (class 4)

अनुक्रोशम् (anukrośam) - compassion, pity, sympathy

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of anukrośa

anukrośa - compassion, pity, sympathy, lamentation

from anu- + root kruś (to cry out, lament)

Prefix: anu

Root: kruś (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

संस्मृत्य (saṁsmṛtya) - deeply recalling or contemplating (having remembered, recollecting, recalling well)

(indeclinable)

absolutive / gerund

formed with prefix saṃ- + root smṛ- + suffix -tya (absolutive)

Prefix: sam

Root: smṛ (class 1)

त्यज (tyaja) - abandon, give up, renounce, leave

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of tyaj

imperative

present stem tyaja- from root tyaj- (1P)

Root: tyaj (class 1)

वासम् (vāsam) - dwelling, residence, abode, living

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vāsa

vāsa - dwelling, residence, abode, house, stay, garment

from root vas (to dwell)

Root: vas (class 1)

इमम् (imam) - this

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this here, the present

Note: Masculine accusative singular form of 'idam'.

द्विज (dvija) - O Brahmin (addressing a Brahmin) (O twice-born one, O Brahmin, O bird, O tooth)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of dvija

dvija - twice-born (a Brahmin, Kshatriya, or Vaishya), Brahmin, bird, tooth, snake

from dvi (two) + ja (born)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dvi+jan)

• dvi – two, twice
  numeral
• jan – to be born, produced, originate
  verb
  Root: jan (class 4)

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