महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-162, verse-43

तं दृष्ट्वा पुरुषादाभमपध्वस्तं क्षयागतम् ।
अभिज्ञाय द्विजो व्रीडामगमद्वाक्यमाह च ॥४३॥

43. taṁ dṛṣṭvā puruṣādābhamapadhvastaṁ kṣayāgatam ,
abhijñāya dvijo vrīḍāmagamadvākyamāha ca.

43. tam dṛṣṭvā puruṣādābham apadhvastam kṣayāgatam
abhijñāya dvijaḥ vrīḍām agamat vākyam āha ca

43. dvijaḥ tam dṛṣṭvā puruṣādābham apadhvastam
kṣayāgatam abhijñāya vrīḍām agamat ca vākyam āha

43. Having seen him, who appeared like a man-eater, utterly ruined and decaying, the Brahmin, recognizing him, felt shame and spoke these words.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him, that (person)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• पुरुषादाभम् (puruṣādābham) - like a man-eater, resembling a cannibal

• अपध्वस्तम् (apadhvastam) - ruined, fallen, degraded

• क्षयागतम् (kṣayāgatam) - fallen into decay, approached ruin

• अभिज्ञाय (abhijñāya) - having recognized, having known well

• द्विजः (dvijaḥ) - the Brahmin, the twice-born

• व्रीडाम् (vrīḍām) - shame, embarrassment

• अगमत् (agamat) - reached (shame), felt (ashamed) (went, reached (here, felt))

• वाक्यम् (vākyam) - word, speech, sentence

• आह (āha) - said, spoke

• च (ca) - and, also

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him, that (person)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the person described in the previous verse.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

from root dṛś (to see)

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Modifies dvijaḥ.

पुरुषादाभम् (puruṣādābham) - like a man-eater, resembling a cannibal

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of puruṣādābha

puruṣādābha - resembling a man-eater (rākṣasa)

Tatpuruṣa compound (puruṣa-āda) + Bāhuvrīhi (-ābha) or just upamā (ābha).

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (puruṣa+āda+ābha)

• puruṣa – man, human being, person (puruṣa)
  noun (masculine)
• āda – eating, consumer (from root ad)
  noun (masculine)
  Kṛt suffix
  From root ad (to eat)
  Root: ad (class 2)
• ābha – resembling, like, having the appearance of
  adjective
  Suffix -ābha
  Root: bhā (class 2)

Note: Describes tam.

अपध्वस्तम् (apadhvastam) - ruined, fallen, degraded

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of apadhvasta

apadhvasta - destroyed, ruined, degraded, fallen

Past Passive Participle

from root dhvaṃs (to fall, decay) with prefix apa

Prefix: apa

Root: dhvaṃs (class 1)

Note: Describes tam.

क्षयागतम् (kṣayāgatam) - fallen into decay, approached ruin

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kṣayāgata

kṣayāgata - approached decay, ruined

Tatpuruṣa compound (kṣayam āgataḥ)

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (kṣaya+āgata)

• kṣaya – decay, destruction, ruin, loss
  noun (masculine)
  Root: kṣi (class 1)
• āgata – arrived, come, approached
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  from root gam with prefix ā
  Prefix: ā
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Describes tam.

अभिज्ञाय (abhijñāya) - having recognized, having known well

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

from root jñā (to know) with prefix abhi

Prefix: abhi

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Modifies dvijaḥ.

द्विजः (dvijaḥ) - the Brahmin, the twice-born

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dvija

dvija - twice-born (Brahmin, Kṣatriya, Vaiśya), bird, tooth

Tatpuruṣa compound (dviḥ jāta)

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (dvis+jan)

• dvis – twice
  indeclinable
• jan – born, produced (as a root)
  verb root
  Past Passive Participle jāta
  From root jan (to be born)
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Subject of agamat and āha.

व्रीडाम् (vrīḍām) - shame, embarrassment

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of vrīḍā

vrīḍā - shame, modesty, embarrassment

Root: vrīḍ (class 1)

Note: Object of agamat.

अगमत् (agamat) - reached (shame), felt (ashamed) (went, reached (here, felt))

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of gam

Imperfect tense, 3rd person singular

from root gam (to go)

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Main verb.

वाक्यम् (vākyam) - word, speech, sentence

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vākya

vākya - word, speech, sentence, statement

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Object of āha.

आह (āha) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of brū/vac

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular

Irregular perfect form from root brū or vac

Root: brū/vac (class 2)

Note: Main verb.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Particle