महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-162, verse-1

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
पितामह महाप्राज्ञ कुरूणां कीर्तिवर्धन ।
प्रश्नं कंचित्प्रवक्ष्यामि तन्मे व्याख्यातुमर्हसि ॥१॥

1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
pitāmaha mahāprājña kurūṇāṁ kīrtivardhana ,
praśnaṁ kaṁcitpravakṣyāmi tanme vyākhyātumarhasi.

1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca pitāmaha mahāprājña kurūṇām kīrtivardhana
praśnam kañcit pravakṣyāmi tat me vyākhyātum arhasi

1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca: pitāmaha,
mahāprājña,
kurūṇām kīrtivardhana! kañcit praśnam pravakṣyāmi.
tat me vyākhyātum arhasi.

1. Yudhiṣṭhira said: 'O Grandfather, O greatly wise one, O augmenter of the glory of the Kurus! I shall ask a certain question; please explain that to me.'

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (Yudhiṣṭhira (proper noun))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (he said, he spoke)

• पितामह (pitāmaha) - O Grandfather (vocative, referring to Bhīṣma) (O Grandfather)

• महाप्राज्ञ (mahāprājña) - O greatly wise one (vocative, referring to Bhīṣma) (O greatly wise one)

• कुरूणाम् (kurūṇām) - of the Kurus

• कीर्तिवर्धन (kīrtivardhana) - O augmenter of the glory (of the Kurus) (vocative, referring to Bhīṣma) (augmenter of fame/glory, O augmenter of glory)

• प्रश्नम् (praśnam) - a question (question)

• कञ्चित् (kañcit) - a certain (some, a certain, any)

• प्रवक्ष्यामि (pravakṣyāmi) - I shall ask (I shall speak, I shall ask)

• तत् (tat) - that (question) (that)

• मे (me) - to me (to me, my, for me)

• व्याख्यातुम् (vyākhyātum) - to explain (to explain, to describe)

• अर्हसि (arhasi) - you ought to, please (explain) (you ought, you are able, you deserve)

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (Yudhiṣṭhira (proper noun))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - steady in battle, Yudhiṣṭhira

Compound yudhi (in battle, locative of yudh) + sthira (steady)

Compound type : aluk-tatpuruṣa (yudh+sthira)

• yudh – battle, fight
  noun (feminine)
• sthira – steady, firm, stable
  adjective (masculine)
  From root sthā (to stand)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Subject of uvāca.

उवाच (uvāca) - said (he said, he spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of √vac

Perfect active 3rd singular

From root vac (class 2) + reduplication (uvāca)

Root: vac (class 2)

पितामह (pitāmaha) - O Grandfather (vocative, referring to Bhīṣma) (O Grandfather)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pitāmaha

pitāmaha - paternal grandfather, great ancestor, Brahmā

Compound pitṛ (father) + maha (great) (irregular formation)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pitṛ+maha)

• pitṛ – father
  noun (masculine)
• maha – great, large
  adjective (masculine)

महाप्राज्ञ (mahāprājña) - O greatly wise one (vocative, referring to Bhīṣma) (O greatly wise one)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahāprājña

mahāprājña - greatly wise, very intelligent

Compound mahā (great) + prājña (wise)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+prājña)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective (feminine)
• prājña – wise, intelligent, knowing
  adjective (masculine)
  From pra (prefix) + root jñā (to know)
  Prefix: pra
  Root: jñā (class 9)

कुरूणाम् (kurūṇām) - of the Kurus

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of kuru

kuru - the Kurus (a royal dynasty), a descendant of Kuru

Note: Possessive for kīrtivardhana.

कीर्तिवर्धन (kīrtivardhana) - O augmenter of the glory (of the Kurus) (vocative, referring to Bhīṣma) (augmenter of fame/glory, O augmenter of glory)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of kīrtivardhana

kīrtivardhana - augmenter of fame/glory

Compound kīrti (fame, glory) + vardhana (augmenting, increasing)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kīrti+vardhana)

• kīrti – fame, glory, renown
  noun (feminine)
  From root kṛt (to mention, praise)
  Root: kṛt (class 6)
• vardhana – augmenting, increasing, promoting
  adjective/noun (masculine)
  Agent noun/present participle
  From root vṛdh (to grow, increase) + suffix ana
  Root: vṛdh (class 1)

प्रश्नम् (praśnam) - a question (question)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of praśna

praśna - question, inquiry

From pra (prefix) + root prach (to ask)

Prefix: pra

Root: prach (class 6)

Note: Object of pravakṣyāmi.

कञ्चित् (kañcit) - a certain (some, a certain, any)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kaścid

kaścid - some, any, a certain one

ka (interrogative pronoun) + cid (indefinite particle)

Note: Qualifies praśnam.

प्रवक्ष्यामि (pravakṣyāmi) - I shall ask (I shall speak, I shall ask)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of √pravac

Future active 1st singular

From pra (prefix) + root vac (to speak)

Prefix: pra

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Subject is implied "I" (Yudhiṣṭhira).

तत् (tat) - that (question) (that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to praśnam.

मे (me) - to me (to me, my, for me)

(pronoun)

singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

Note: Indirect object for vyākhyātum.

व्याख्यातुम् (vyākhyātum) - to explain (to explain, to describe)

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

From vi (prefix) + ā (prefix) + root khyā (to tell, relate) + suffix tum (infinitive)

Prefixes: vi+ā

Root: khyā (class 2)

अर्हसि (arhasi) - you ought to, please (explain) (you ought, you are able, you deserve)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of √arh

Present active 2nd singular

From root arh (class 1)

Root: arh (class 1)

Note: Subject is implied "you" (Bhīṣma).