महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-162, verse-21

विरक्ताश्च न रुष्यन्ति मनसाप्यर्थकोविदाः ।
आत्मानं पीडयित्वापि सुहृत्कार्यपरायणाः ।
न विरज्यन्ति मित्रेभ्यो वासो रक्तमिवाविकम् ॥२१॥

21. viraktāśca na ruṣyanti manasāpyarthakovidāḥ ,
ātmānaṁ pīḍayitvāpi suhṛtkāryaparāyaṇāḥ ,
na virajyanti mitrebhyo vāso raktamivāvikam.

21. vi-raktāḥ ca na ruṣyanti manasā api
artha-kovidāḥ ātmanām pīḍayitvā api
suhṛt-kārya-parāyaṇāḥ na vi-rajyanti
mitrebhyaḥ vāsaḥ raktam iva āvikam

21. vi-raktāḥ ca artha-kovidāḥ api manasā
na ruṣyanti ātmanām api pīḍayitvā
suhṛt-kārya-parāyaṇāḥ mitrebhyaḥ
na vi-rajyanti iva raktam āvikam vāsaḥ

21. Those who are dispassionate and even skilled in practical matters do not become mentally angered. Even afflicting themselves, they remain dedicated to the tasks of their friends. They do not become estranged from their friends, just as a dyed woolen garment does not lose its color.

Words meanings summery:

• वि-रक्ताः (vi-raktāḥ) - dispassionate, unattached, estranged

• च (ca) - and, also

• न (na) - not, no

• रुष्यन्ति (ruṣyanti) - they are angry, they resent

• मनसा (manasā) - by mind, mentally, with the mind

• अपि (api) - even (also, even, although)

• अर्थ-कोविदाः (artha-kovidāḥ) - skilled in practical matters (skilled in practical matters, expert in meaning/purpose/wealth)

• आत्मनाम् (ātmanām) - themselves (oneself, the self (ātman))

• पीडयित्वा (pīḍayitvā) - having tormented, having afflicted, having distressed

• अपि (api) - even (also, even, although)

• सुहृत्-कार्य-परायणाः (suhṛt-kārya-parāyaṇāḥ) - devoted to the work/interests of friends

• न (na) - not, no

• वि-रज्यन्ति (vi-rajyanti) - they become estranged (from friends) and they lose color (in the simile) (they become dispassionate, estranged, lose color)

• मित्रेभ्यः (mitrebhyaḥ) - from friends (implying separation) (from friends, to friends)

• वासः (vāsaḥ) - cloth, garment, clothing

• रक्तम् (raktam) - dyed (describing cloth) (dyed, colored, red; attached)

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• आविकम् (āvikam) - woolen, made of sheep's wool

Words meanings and morphology

वि-रक्ताः (vi-raktāḥ) - dispassionate, unattached, estranged

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vi-rakta

vi-rakta - dispassionate, unattached, averse, estranged

Past Passive Participle

From verb root rañj (to color, attach) with prefix vi- (apart, away)

Prefix: vi

Root: rañj (class 1)

Note: Refers to 'santaḥ' (implied from previous verse)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Negative particle

रुष्यन्ति (ruṣyanti) - they are angry, they resent

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of ruṣ

Present Indicative

From root ruṣ, class 4, present tense

Root: ruṣ (class 4)

मनसा (manasā) - by mind, mentally, with the mind

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of manas

manas - mind, intellect, heart, disposition

Root: man (class 4)

अपि (api) - even (also, even, although)

(indeclinable)

Particle

अर्थ-कोविदाः (artha-kovidāḥ) - skilled in practical matters (skilled in practical matters, expert in meaning/purpose/wealth)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of artha-kovida

artha-kovida - knowing matters, skilled in affairs, expert in wealth/meaning

Tatpurusha compound (arthe kovidāḥ)

Compound type : tatpurusha (artha+kovida)

• artha – purpose, meaning, wealth, practical matter
  noun (masculine)
• kovida – knowing, skillful, expert
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Refers to 'santaḥ' (implied)

आत्मनाम् (ātmanām) - themselves (oneself, the self (ātman))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, individual (ātman)

Root: an (class 2)

Note: Object of 'pīḍayitvā'

पीडयित्वा (pīḍayitvā) - having tormented, having afflicted, having distressed

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Causative root pīḍay- + suffix -itvā

Root: pīḍ (class 10)

Note: Absolutive (gerund) forms an adverbial clause 'having tormented oneself'

अपि (api) - even (also, even, although)

(indeclinable)

Particle

सुहृत्-कार्य-परायणाः (suhṛt-kārya-parāyaṇāḥ) - devoted to the work/interests of friends

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of suhṛt-kārya-parāyaṇa

suhṛt-kārya-parāyaṇa - intent upon, devoted to, or engaged in the affairs of friends

Compound adjective

Compound type : tatpurusha (suhṛt+kārya+parāyaṇa)

• suhṛt – friend, good-hearted
  noun (masculine)
  From su (good) + hṛd (heart)
  Prefix: su
  Root: hṛd
• kārya – work, duty, affair, business
  noun (neuter)
  Gerundive
  From root kṛ
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• parāyaṇa – devoted to, intent on, engaged in
  adjective (masculine)
  Prefix: parā

Note: Refers to 'santaḥ' (implied)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Negative particle

Note: Negates 'virajyanti'

वि-रज्यन्ति (vi-rajyanti) - they become estranged (from friends) and they lose color (in the simile) (they become dispassionate, estranged, lose color)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of vi-rañj

Present Indicative

From root rañj (class 4), with prefix vi-, present tense, middle voice

Prefix: vi

Root: rañj (class 1)

Note: The meaning 'lose color' is literal in the simile; 'become estranged' is metaphorical for friends

मित्रेभ्यः (mitrebhyaḥ) - from friends (implying separation) (from friends, to friends)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, plural of mitra

mitra - friend, companion, ally

वासः (vāsaḥ) - cloth, garment, clothing

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vāsas

vāsas - garment, cloth, apparel

Root: vas (class 2)

Note: Subject in the simile

रक्तम् (raktam) - dyed (describing cloth) (dyed, colored, red; attached)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of rakta

rakta - dyed, colored, red; beloved, attached

Past Passive Participle

From root rañj (to color, attach)

Root: rañj (class 1)

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

Particle of comparison

Note: Indicates a simile

आविकम् (āvikam) - woolen, made of sheep's wool

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of āvika

āvika - belonging to a sheep, woolen, made of sheep's wool

Derived from avi (sheep)

Note: Agrees with 'vāsaḥ' (neuter)