महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-162, verse-44

किमिदं कुरुषे मौढ्याद्विप्रस्त्वं हि कुलोद्गतः ।
मध्यदेशपरिज्ञातो दस्युभावं गतः कथम् ॥४४॥

44. kimidaṁ kuruṣe mauḍhyādviprastvaṁ hi kulodgataḥ ,
madhyadeśaparijñāto dasyubhāvaṁ gataḥ katham.

44. kim idam kuruṣe mauḍhyāt vipraḥ tvam hi kulodgataḥ
madhyadeśaparijñātaḥ dasyubhāvam gataḥ katham

44. vipraḥ tvam hi kulodgataḥ madhyadeśaparijñātaḥ
kim idam mauḍhyāt kuruṣe katham dasyubhāvam gataḥ

44. What foolishness (mauḍhya) are you doing? You are indeed a Brahmin (vipra) born of a noble family, renowned throughout the Middle Country. How have you descended into the state of a brigand?

Words meanings summery:

• किम् (kim) - What (is this) (what, why)

• इदम् (idam) - this (action) (this)

• कुरुषे (kuruṣe) - you are doing (you do, you make)

• मौढ्यात् (mauḍhyāt) - from foolishness (from foolishness, due to ignorance)

• विप्रः (vipraḥ) - Brahmin

• त्वम् (tvam) - you

• हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, because)

• कुलोद्गतः (kulodgataḥ) - born from a good family, of high lineage

• मध्यदेशपरिज्ञातः (madhyadeśaparijñātaḥ) - known throughout the middle country

• दस्युभावम् (dasyubhāvam) - the state of a brigand/robber

• गतः (gataḥ) - descended into, reached (the state of) (gone, reached, attained)

• कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

Words meanings and morphology

किम् (kim) - What (is this) (what, why)

(indeclinable)

इदम् (idam) - this (action) (this)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Note: Used as an object here, what are you doing this.

कुरुषे (kuruṣe) - you are doing (you do, you make)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of kṛ

Present tense, 2nd person singular, Middle voice

from root kṛ (to do), class 8, middle voice

Root: kṛ (class 8)

मौढ्यात् (mauḍhyāt) - from foolishness (from foolishness, due to ignorance)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of mauḍhya

mauḍhya - foolishness, stupidity, ignorance

Derived from mūḍha (foolish)

Root: muh (class 4)

Note: Indicates the cause of the action.

विप्रः (vipraḥ) - Brahmin

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vipra

vipra - inspired, a sage, a Brahmin

From root vip (to tremble, inspire)

Root: vip

Note: Predicate nominative with implied 'asi' (you are).

त्वम् (tvam) - you

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Subject of the implied verb 'asi' and of gataḥ.

हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, because)

(indeclinable)

Particle

कुलोद्गतः (kulodgataḥ) - born from a good family, of high lineage

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kulodgata

kulodgata - sprung from a family, of good lineage

Tatpuruṣa compound (kulāt udgataḥ)

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (kula+udgata)

• kula – family, lineage, race, noble house
  noun (neuter)
  Root: kul (class 1)
• udgata – arisen, sprung forth, born
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  from root gam with prefix ud
  Prefix: ud
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Describes tvam.

मध्यदेशपरिज्ञातः (madhyadeśaparijñātaḥ) - known throughout the middle country

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of madhyadeśaparijñāta

madhyadeśaparijñāta - known in the middle country, famous in the central region

Tatpuruṣa compound (madhyadeśe parijñātaḥ)

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (madhyadeśa+parijñāta)

• madhyadeśa – middle country (a region in ancient India)
  proper noun (masculine)
  Tatpuruṣa compound
• parijñāta – fully known, recognized, famous
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  from root jñā (to know) with prefix pari
  Prefix: pari
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Describes tvam.

दस्युभावम् (dasyubhāvam) - the state of a brigand/robber

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dasyubhāva

dasyubhāva - state of a robber/brigand

Tatpuruṣa compound

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (dasyu+bhāva)

• dasyu – brigand, robber, enemy
  noun (masculine)
  Root: das
• bhāva – state, condition, nature, existence
  noun (masculine)
  from root bhū (to be)
  Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Object of gataḥ.

गतः (gataḥ) - descended into, reached (the state of) (gone, reached, attained)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gata

gata - gone, reached, obtained, become

Past Passive Participle

from root gam (to go)

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Predicate adjective for tvam.

कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

(indeclinable)

Interrogative adverb