महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-92, verse-48

स्त्र्युवाच ।
पुत्रकाम न ते हन्मि पुत्रं पुत्रवतां वर ।
जीर्णस्तु मम वासोऽयं यथा स समयः कृतः ॥४८॥

48. stryuvāca ,
putrakāma na te hanmi putraṁ putravatāṁ vara ,
jīrṇastu mama vāso'yaṁ yathā sa samayaḥ kṛtaḥ.

48. strī uvāca putra-kāma na te hanmi putram putra-vatām
vara jīrṇaḥ tu mama vāsaḥ ayam yathā sa samayaḥ kṛtaḥ

48. The woman said: 'O you who desire a son, I will not kill this son of yours, O best among those with sons. But this stay of mine is now at its end, as that condition (we made) has been fulfilled.'

Words meanings summery:

• स्त्री (strī) - The woman (Gaṅgā) (woman, wife)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

• पुत्र-काम (putra-kāma) - O you who desire a son (vocative) (desiring sons, one who desires a son)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• ते (te) - your (your, to you (dative/genitive singular of `yuṣmad`))

• हन्मि (hanmi) - I will kill (I kill, I strike)

• पुत्रम् (putram) - son (this current son) (son, child)

• पुत्र-वताम् (putra-vatām) - among those who have sons

• वर (vara) - O best (addressing Śaṃtanu) (best, excellent, superior; O best (vocative))

• जीर्णः (jīrṇaḥ) - worn out, finished (referring to the period of stay) (old, worn out, decayed)

• तु (tu) - but (but, indeed, however)

• मम (mama) - my (my, of me)

• वासः (vāsaḥ) - stay, residence (on earth) (dwelling, abode, stay, residence)

• अयम् (ayam) - this (stay of mine) (this, this one (masculine nominative))

• यथा (yathā) - as, because (as, just as, according to)

• स (sa) - that (condition) (he, that (masculine nominative))

• समयः (samayaḥ) - condition, agreement (agreement, condition, compact, appointed time)

• कृतः (kṛtaḥ) - made, fulfilled (made, done, performed)

Words meanings and morphology

स्त्री (strī) - The woman (Gaṅgā) (woman, wife)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of strī

strī - woman, wife, female

Note: Subject of `uvāca`.

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect indicative (lit) of vac

Perfect active indicative

3rd person singular, parasmaipada. Reduplicated perfect.

Root: vac (class 2)

पुत्र-काम (putra-kāma) - O you who desire a son (vocative) (desiring sons, one who desires a son)

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of putra-kāma

putra-kāma - desiring sons/children, having a desire for offspring

Compound type : tatpurusha (putra+kāma)

• putra – son, child
  noun (masculine)
• kāma – desire, wish, love
  noun (masculine)
  Often forms compounds meaning 'desiring X'
  Root: kam (class 1)

Note: Addressing Śaṃtanu.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates `hanmi`.

ते (te) - your (your, to you (dative/genitive singular of `yuṣmad`))

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Enclitic form for dative/genitive singular.

Note: Refers to Śaṃtanu.

हन्मि (hanmi) - I will kill (I kill, I strike)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of han

Present active indicative

1st person singular, parasmaipada.

Root: han (class 2)

Note: 'I will not kill' (future sense).

पुत्रम् (putram) - son (this current son) (son, child)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child

Note: Object of `hanmi`.

पुत्र-वताम् (putra-vatām) - among those who have sons

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of putra-vat

putra-vat - having sons, blessed with children

Formed with possessive suffix -vat.

Compound type : tatpurusha (putra+vat)

• putra – son, child
  noun (masculine)
• vat – possessive suffix: having, possessing
  suffix

Note: Qualifies the group of 'fathers'.

वर (vara) - O best (addressing Śaṃtanu) (best, excellent, superior; O best (vocative))

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of vara

vara - best, excellent, most distinguished, boon, choice

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Appears in apposition to `putrakāma`, or as a separate address.

जीर्णः (jīrṇaḥ) - worn out, finished (referring to the period of stay) (old, worn out, decayed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jīrṇa

jīrṇa - old, worn out, decayed, digested, faded

Past Passive Participle

From root jṛ (to become old, wear out) + kta suffix.

Root: jṛ (class 1)

Note: Metaphorical use, meaning 'my time here is finished'.

तु (tu) - but (but, indeed, however)

(indeclinable)

मम (mama) - my (my, of me)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Genitive singular.

Note: Refers to Gaṅgā.

वासः (vāsaḥ) - stay, residence (on earth) (dwelling, abode, stay, residence)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vāsa

vāsa - dwelling, abode, residence, staying, living

Derived from root vas (to dwell).

Root: vas (class 1)

Note: Subject of the implied verb 'is'.

अयम् (ayam) - this (stay of mine) (this, this one (masculine nominative))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Agrees with `vāsaḥ`.

यथा (yathā) - as, because (as, just as, according to)

(indeclinable)

स (sa) - that (condition) (he, that (masculine nominative))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Null gender for pronoun base.

Note: Refers to 'samayaḥ'.

समयः (samayaḥ) - condition, agreement (agreement, condition, compact, appointed time)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of samaya

samaya - agreement, covenant, condition, appointed time, sacred precept

From sam- + root i (to go).

Prefix: sam

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Refers to the original agreement between Gaṅgā and Śaṃtanu.

कृतः (kṛtaḥ) - made, fulfilled (made, done, performed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛta

kṛta - done, made, performed, completed

Past Passive Participle

From root kṛ (to do, make) + kta suffix.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Used as a predicate adjective with an implied 'is'.