महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-92, verse-48

स्त्र्युवाच ।
पुत्रकाम न ते हन्मि पुत्रं पुत्रवतां वर ।
जीर्णस्तु मम वासोऽयं यथा स समयः कृतः ॥४८॥

48. stryuvāca ,
putrakāma na te hanmi putraṁ putravatāṁ vara ,
jīrṇastu mama vāso'yaṁ yathā sa samayaḥ kṛtaḥ.

48. strī uvāca putra-kāma na te hanmi putram putra-vatām
vara jīrṇaḥ tu mama vāsaḥ ayam yathā sa samayaḥ kṛtaḥ

48. The woman said: 'O you who desire a son, I will not kill this son of yours, O best among those with sons. But this stay of mine is now at its end, as that condition (we made) has been fulfilled.'

48. האישה אמרה, הו מי שחפץ בבן, הו מעולה שבבעלי הבנים, אני לא הורגת את בנך. אך זמן מגורי כאן הסתיים, כפי שנקבע בהסכם.

Words meanings summery:

• स्त्री (strī) - The woman (Gaṅgā) (woman, wife)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

• पुत्र-काम (putra-kāma) - O you who desire a son (vocative) (desiring sons, one who desires a son)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• ते (te) - your (your, to you (dative/genitive singular of `yuṣmad`))

• हन्मि (hanmi) - I will kill (I kill, I strike)

• पुत्रम् (putram) - son (this current son) (son, child)

• पुत्र-वताम् (putra-vatām) - among those who have sons

• वर (vara) - O best (addressing Śaṃtanu) (best, excellent, superior; O best (vocative))

• जीर्णः (jīrṇaḥ) - worn out, finished (referring to the period of stay) (old, worn out, decayed)

• तु (tu) - but (but, indeed, however)

• मम (mama) - my (my, of me)

• वासः (vāsaḥ) - stay, residence (on earth) (dwelling, abode, stay, residence)

• अयम् (ayam) - this (stay of mine) (this, this one (masculine nominative))

• यथा (yathā) - as, because (as, just as, according to)

• स (sa) - that (condition) (he, that (masculine nominative))

• समयः (samayaḥ) - condition, agreement (agreement, condition, compact, appointed time)

• कृतः (kṛtaḥ) - made, fulfilled (made, done, performed)

Words meanings and morphology

स्त्री (strī) - The woman (Gaṅgā) (woman, wife)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of strī

strī - woman, wife, female

Note: Subject of `uvāca`.

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect indicative (lit) of vac

Perfect active indicative

3rd person singular, parasmaipada. Reduplicated perfect.

Root: vac (class 2)

पुत्र-काम (putra-kāma) - O you who desire a son (vocative) (desiring sons, one who desires a son)

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of putra-kāma

putra-kāma - desiring sons/children, having a desire for offspring

Compound type : tatpurusha (putra+kāma)

• putra – son, child
  noun (masculine)
• kāma – desire, wish, love
  noun (masculine)
  Often forms compounds meaning 'desiring X'
  Root: kam (class 1)

Note: Addressing Śaṃtanu.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates `hanmi`.

ते (te) - your (your, to you (dative/genitive singular of `yuṣmad`))

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Enclitic form for dative/genitive singular.

Note: Refers to Śaṃtanu.

हन्मि (hanmi) - I will kill (I kill, I strike)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of han

Present active indicative

1st person singular, parasmaipada.

Root: han (class 2)

Note: 'I will not kill' (future sense).

पुत्रम् (putram) - son (this current son) (son, child)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child

Note: Object of `hanmi`.

पुत्र-वताम् (putra-vatām) - among those who have sons

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of putra-vat

putra-vat - having sons, blessed with children

Formed with possessive suffix -vat.

Compound type : tatpurusha (putra+vat)

• putra – son, child
  noun (masculine)
• vat – possessive suffix: having, possessing
  suffix

Note: Qualifies the group of 'fathers'.

वर (vara) - O best (addressing Śaṃtanu) (best, excellent, superior; O best (vocative))

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of vara

vara - best, excellent, most distinguished, boon, choice

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Appears in apposition to `putrakāma`, or as a separate address.

जीर्णः (jīrṇaḥ) - worn out, finished (referring to the period of stay) (old, worn out, decayed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jīrṇa

jīrṇa - old, worn out, decayed, digested, faded

Past Passive Participle

From root jṛ (to become old, wear out) + kta suffix.

Root: jṛ (class 1)

Note: Metaphorical use, meaning 'my time here is finished'.

तु (tu) - but (but, indeed, however)

(indeclinable)

मम (mama) - my (my, of me)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Genitive singular.

Note: Refers to Gaṅgā.

वासः (vāsaḥ) - stay, residence (on earth) (dwelling, abode, stay, residence)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vāsa

vāsa - dwelling, abode, residence, staying, living

Derived from root vas (to dwell).

Root: vas (class 1)

Note: Subject of the implied verb 'is'.

अयम् (ayam) - this (stay of mine) (this, this one (masculine nominative))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Agrees with `vāsaḥ`.

यथा (yathā) - as, because (as, just as, according to)

(indeclinable)

स (sa) - that (condition) (he, that (masculine nominative))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Null gender for pronoun base.

Note: Refers to 'samayaḥ'.

समयः (samayaḥ) - condition, agreement (agreement, condition, compact, appointed time)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of samaya

samaya - agreement, covenant, condition, appointed time, sacred precept

From sam- + root i (to go).

Prefix: sam

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Refers to the original agreement between Gaṅgā and Śaṃtanu.

कृतः (kṛtaḥ) - made, fulfilled (made, done, performed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛta

kṛta - done, made, performed, completed

Past Passive Participle

From root kṛ (to do, make) + kta suffix.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Used as a predicate adjective with an implied 'is'.

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