महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-92, verse-42

स राजा रतिसक्तत्वादुत्तमस्त्रीगुणैर्हृतः ।
संवत्सरानृतून्मासान्न बुबोध बहून्गतान् ॥४२॥

42. sa rājā ratisaktatvāduttamastrīguṇairhṛtaḥ ,
saṁvatsarānṛtūnmāsānna bubodha bahūngatān.

42. sa rājā ratisaktatvāt uttamastrīguṇaiḥ hṛtaḥ
saṃvatsarān ṛtūn māsān na bubodha bahūn gatān

42. That king, captivated by the excellent qualities of the woman and deeply engrossed in love, did not realize the many years, seasons, and months that had passed.

Words meanings summery:

• स (sa) - that (that, he (masculine))

• राजा (rājā) - king

• रतिसक्तत्वात् (ratisaktatvāt) - due to being deeply engrossed in love (due to being engrossed in love, from attachment to intimacy)

• उत्तमस्त्रीगुणैः (uttamastrīguṇaiḥ) - by the excellent qualities of the woman (by the excellent qualities of women/a woman)

• हृतः (hṛtaḥ) - captivated (carried away, captivated, stolen)

• संवत्सरान् (saṁvatsarān) - years

• ऋतून् (ṛtūn) - seasons

• मासान् (māsān) - months

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• बुबोध (bubodha) - he perceived, knew (he knew, perceived, awoke)

• बहून् (bahūn) - many

• गतान् (gatān) - passed, elapsed (gone, passed, elapsed)

Words meanings and morphology

स (sa) - that (that, he (masculine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Demonstrative pronoun referring to the king.

राजा (rājā) - king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

रतिसक्तत्वात् (ratisaktatvāt) - due to being deeply engrossed in love (due to being engrossed in love, from attachment to intimacy)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of ratisaktatva

ratisaktatva - the state of being engrossed in love/intimacy

Formed by combining 'rati' and 'sakta' and suffix '-tva' (abstract noun).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rati+sakta+tva)

• rati – love, pleasure, delight, intimacy
  noun (feminine)
  Root: ram (class 1)
• sakta – attached, devoted, engrossed
  adjective (masculine/neuter/feminine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'sañj' (to cling, be attached)
  Root: sañj (class 7)
• tva – suffix forming abstract noun, 'state of being'
  suffix (neuter)

Note: Indicates cause ('due to').

उत्तमस्त्रीगुणैः (uttamastrīguṇaiḥ) - by the excellent qualities of the woman (by the excellent qualities of women/a woman)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of uttamastrīguṇa

uttamastrīguṇa - excellent qualities of women/a woman

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (uttama+strī+guṇa)

• uttama – best, excellent, supreme
  adjective (masculine/neuter/feminine)
  Superlative of 'ud'
• strī – woman, wife
  noun (feminine)
• guṇa – quality, attribute, virtue, strand
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agent in passive construction (implied agent of 'hṛtaḥ').

हृतः (hṛtaḥ) - captivated (carried away, captivated, stolen)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hṛta

hṛta - carried away, stolen, captivated, taken

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'hṛ' (to take, carry).

Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Used predicatively with 'rājā'.

संवत्सरान् (saṁvatsarān) - years

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of saṃvatsara

saṁvatsara - year

Root: vas (class 1)

Note: Object of 'na bubodha'.

ऋतून् (ṛtūn) - seasons

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of ṛtu

ṛtu - season, fixed time, proper time

Root: ṛ (class 3)

Note: Object of 'na bubodha'.

मासान् (māsān) - months

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of māsa

māsa - month, moon

Root: mā (class 2)

Note: Object of 'na bubodha'.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

Note: Negates the verb 'bubodha'.

बुबोध (bubodha) - he perceived, knew (he knew, perceived, awoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of budh

Perfect

3rd person singular, active voice, perfect tense. Reduplicated root.

Root: budh (class 1)

बहून् (bahūn) - many

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of bahu

bahu - many, much, numerous

Note: Modifies 'saṃvatsarān', 'ṛtūn', and 'māsān'.

गतान् (gatān) - passed, elapsed (gone, passed, elapsed)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of gata

gata - gone, passed, arrived at, known

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'gam' (to go).

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'saṃvatsarān', 'ṛtūn', and 'māsān'.