महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-92, verse-1

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
ततः प्रतीपो राजा स सर्वभूतहिते रतः ।
निषसाद समा बह्वीर्गङ्गातीरगतो जपन् ॥१॥

1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
tataḥ pratīpo rājā sa sarvabhūtahite rataḥ ,
niṣasāda samā bahvīrgaṅgātīragato japan.

1. vaiśaṃpāyana uvāca tataḥ pratīpaḥ rājā saḥ sarvabhūtahite
rataḥ niṣasāda samāḥ bahvīḥ gaṅgātīragataḥ japan

1. Vaiśampāyana said: Then, King Pratīpa, devoted to the welfare of all beings, sat on the bank of the Gaṅgā for many years, chanting prayers.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - Vaiśampāyana (Vaiśampāyana (name of a sage))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thereafter, from that)

• प्रतीपः (pratīpaḥ) - Pratīpa (Pratīpa (name of a king))

• राजा (rājā) - king (king, ruler)

• सः (saḥ) - he (referring to King Pratīpa) (he, that)

• सर्वभूतहिते (sarvabhūtahite) - devoted to the welfare of all beings (devoted to the welfare of all beings, beneficial to all creatures)

• रतः (rataḥ) - devoted to (devoted to, engaged in, delighting in)

• निषसाद (niṣasāda) - he sat down

• समाः (samāḥ) - years (years, seasons)

• बह्वीः (bahvīḥ) - many (many, numerous)

• गङ्गातीरगतः (gaṅgātīragataḥ) - on the bank of the Gaṅgā (gone to the bank of the Gaṅgā, staying on the bank of the Gaṅgā)

• जपन् (japan) - chanting prayers (chanting, muttering, repeating (present active participle))

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - Vaiśampāyana (Vaiśampāyana (name of a sage))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - a celebrated sage, pupil of Vyāsa and narrator of the Mahābhārata

Note: Refers to the speaker of the verse.

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect Tense

3rd person singular, perfect active

Root: vac (class 2)

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thereafter, from that)

(indeclinable)

Note: Temporal adverb.

प्रतीपः (pratīpaḥ) - Pratīpa (Pratīpa (name of a king))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pratīpa

pratīpa - name of a king, grandfather of Bhīṣma

Note: Subject of 'niṣasāda'.

राजा (rājā) - king (king, ruler)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

Note: Appositive to Pratīpa.

सः (saḥ) - he (referring to King Pratīpa) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Reinforces Pratīpa.

सर्वभूतहिते (sarvabhūtahite) - devoted to the welfare of all beings (devoted to the welfare of all beings, beneficial to all creatures)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of sarvabhūtahita

sarvabhūtahita - welfare of all beings, beneficial to all creatures

Tatpuruṣa compound: sarva (all) + bhūta (beings) + hita (welfare)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sarva+bhūta+hita)

• sarva – all, every
  pronoun (masculine)
• bhūta – being, creature; past, happened (PPP of bhū)
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'bhū'
  Root: bhū (class 1)
• hita – welfare, good, beneficial (PPP of dhā with hi substitution)
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'dhā'
  Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: It's locative, 'in the welfare of all beings', qualifying 'rataḥ'.

रतः (rataḥ) - devoted to (devoted to, engaged in, delighting in)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rata

rata - devoted to, engaged in, delighting in (PPP of ram)

Past Passive Participle

From root 'ram' (to delight)

Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'rājā' (Pratīpa).

निषसाद (niṣasāda) - he sat down

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of sad

Perfect Tense

3rd person singular, perfect active, root 'sad' with 'ni'

Prefix: ni

Root: sad (class 1)

समाः (samāḥ) - years (years, seasons)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of samā

samā - year, season

Note: Denotes duration of time.

बह्वीः (bahvīḥ) - many (many, numerous)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, plural of bahu

bahu - much, many, numerous

Note: Modifies 'samāḥ'.

गङ्गातीरगतः (gaṅgātīragataḥ) - on the bank of the Gaṅgā (gone to the bank of the Gaṅgā, staying on the bank of the Gaṅgā)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gaṅgātīragata

gaṅgātīragata - gone to the bank of the Gaṅgā, staying on the bank of the Gaṅgā

Tatpuruṣa compound: Gaṅgā (Ganges) + tīra (bank) + gata (gone, PPP of gam)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (gaṅgā+tīra+gata)

• gaṅgā – the river Gaṅgā (Ganges)
  proper noun (feminine)
• tīra – bank, shore
  noun (neuter)
• gata – gone, arrived, staying (PPP of gam)
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'gam'
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Modifies Pratīpa.

जपन् (japan) - chanting prayers (chanting, muttering, repeating (present active participle))

(indeclinable)

Present Active Participle

From root 'jap', nominative singular masculine

Root: jap (class 1)

Note: Describes the action performed by Pratīpa while sitting.