महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-92, verse-1

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
ततः प्रतीपो राजा स सर्वभूतहिते रतः ।
निषसाद समा बह्वीर्गङ्गातीरगतो जपन् ॥१॥

1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
tataḥ pratīpo rājā sa sarvabhūtahite rataḥ ,
niṣasāda samā bahvīrgaṅgātīragato japan.

1. vaiśaṃpāyana uvāca tataḥ pratīpaḥ rājā saḥ sarvabhūtahite
rataḥ niṣasāda samāḥ bahvīḥ gaṅgātīragataḥ japan

1. Vaiśampāyana said: Then, King Pratīpa, devoted to the welfare of all beings, sat on the bank of the Gaṅgā for many years, chanting prayers.

1. אמר וַישַׁמְפָּאיַנַה, אז המלך פְּרַטִיפַּה, המסור לטובת כל היצורים, ישב שנים רבות על גדת גַנְגָה ומלמל מַנְטְרוֹת.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - Vaiśampāyana (Vaiśampāyana (name of a sage))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thereafter, from that)

• प्रतीपः (pratīpaḥ) - Pratīpa (Pratīpa (name of a king))

• राजा (rājā) - king (king, ruler)

• सः (saḥ) - he (referring to King Pratīpa) (he, that)

• सर्वभूतहिते (sarvabhūtahite) - devoted to the welfare of all beings (devoted to the welfare of all beings, beneficial to all creatures)

• रतः (rataḥ) - devoted to (devoted to, engaged in, delighting in)

• निषसाद (niṣasāda) - he sat down

• समाः (samāḥ) - years (years, seasons)

• बह्वीः (bahvīḥ) - many (many, numerous)

• गङ्गातीरगतः (gaṅgātīragataḥ) - on the bank of the Gaṅgā (gone to the bank of the Gaṅgā, staying on the bank of the Gaṅgā)

• जपन् (japan) - chanting prayers (chanting, muttering, repeating (present active participle))

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - Vaiśampāyana (Vaiśampāyana (name of a sage))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - a celebrated sage, pupil of Vyāsa and narrator of the Mahābhārata

Note: Refers to the speaker of the verse.

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect Tense

3rd person singular, perfect active

Root: vac (class 2)

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thereafter, from that)

(indeclinable)

Note: Temporal adverb.

प्रतीपः (pratīpaḥ) - Pratīpa (Pratīpa (name of a king))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pratīpa

pratīpa - name of a king, grandfather of Bhīṣma

Note: Subject of 'niṣasāda'.

राजा (rājā) - king (king, ruler)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

Note: Appositive to Pratīpa.

सः (saḥ) - he (referring to King Pratīpa) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Reinforces Pratīpa.

सर्वभूतहिते (sarvabhūtahite) - devoted to the welfare of all beings (devoted to the welfare of all beings, beneficial to all creatures)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of sarvabhūtahita

sarvabhūtahita - welfare of all beings, beneficial to all creatures

Tatpuruṣa compound: sarva (all) + bhūta (beings) + hita (welfare)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sarva+bhūta+hita)

• sarva – all, every
  pronoun (masculine)
• bhūta – being, creature; past, happened (PPP of bhū)
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'bhū'
  Root: bhū (class 1)
• hita – welfare, good, beneficial (PPP of dhā with hi substitution)
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'dhā'
  Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: It's locative, 'in the welfare of all beings', qualifying 'rataḥ'.

रतः (rataḥ) - devoted to (devoted to, engaged in, delighting in)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rata

rata - devoted to, engaged in, delighting in (PPP of ram)

Past Passive Participle

From root 'ram' (to delight)

Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'rājā' (Pratīpa).

निषसाद (niṣasāda) - he sat down

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of sad

Perfect Tense

3rd person singular, perfect active, root 'sad' with 'ni'

Prefix: ni

Root: sad (class 1)

समाः (samāḥ) - years (years, seasons)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of samā

samā - year, season

Note: Denotes duration of time.

बह्वीः (bahvīḥ) - many (many, numerous)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, plural of bahu

bahu - much, many, numerous

Note: Modifies 'samāḥ'.

गङ्गातीरगतः (gaṅgātīragataḥ) - on the bank of the Gaṅgā (gone to the bank of the Gaṅgā, staying on the bank of the Gaṅgā)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gaṅgātīragata

gaṅgātīragata - gone to the bank of the Gaṅgā, staying on the bank of the Gaṅgā

Tatpuruṣa compound: Gaṅgā (Ganges) + tīra (bank) + gata (gone, PPP of gam)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (gaṅgā+tīra+gata)

• gaṅgā – the river Gaṅgā (Ganges)
  proper noun (feminine)
• tīra – bank, shore
  noun (neuter)
• gata – gone, arrived, staying (PPP of gam)
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'gam'
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Modifies Pratīpa.

जपन् (japan) - chanting prayers (chanting, muttering, repeating (present active participle))

(indeclinable)

Present Active Participle

From root 'jap', nominative singular masculine

Root: jap (class 1)

Note: Describes the action performed by Pratīpa while sitting.

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