महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-92, verse-46

अथ तामष्टमे पुत्रे जाते प्रहसितामिव ।
उवाच राजा दुःखार्तः परीप्सन्पुत्रमात्मनः ॥४६॥

46. atha tāmaṣṭame putre jāte prahasitāmiva ,
uvāca rājā duḥkhārtaḥ parīpsanputramātmanaḥ.

46. atha tām aṣṭame putre jāte prahasitām iva
uvāca rājā duḥkhārtaḥ parīpsan putram ātmanaḥ

46. Then, when the eighth son was born and she appeared to be laughing, the king, greatly distressed, spoke to her, wishing to save his own son.

Words meanings summery:

• अथ (atha) - then, thereupon (then, now, thereupon)

• ताम् (tām) - her (Gaṅgā) (her, that (feminine accusative))

• अष्टमे (aṣṭame) - when the eighth (son) (in the eighth, to the eighth)

• पुत्रे (putre) - when the son (locative absolute) (in the son, to the son, when the son)

• जाते (jāte) - was born (locative absolute) (born, produced)

• प्रहसिताम् (prahasitām) - laughing, (appearing to be) smiling (laughing, smiling)

• इव (iva) - as if, appearing to be (as, like, as if)

• उवाच (uvāca) - spoke (said, spoke)

• राजा (rājā) - the king (Śaṃtanu) (king)

• दुःखार्तः (duḥkhārtaḥ) - greatly distressed (distressed by sorrow, afflicted by pain)

• परीप्सन् (parīpsan) - wishing to save (desiring to protect, wishing to preserve)

• पुत्रम् (putram) - son (the eighth son) (son, child)

• आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - his own (of the self, one's own, his own)

Words meanings and morphology

अथ (atha) - then, thereupon (then, now, thereupon)

(indeclinable)

ताम् (tām) - her (Gaṅgā) (her, that (feminine accusative))

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Object of `uvāca`.

अष्टमे (aṣṭame) - when the eighth (son) (in the eighth, to the eighth)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of aṣṭama

aṣṭama - eighth

Ordinal number from aṣṭan (eight).

Note: Locative absolute construction.

पुत्रे (putre) - when the son (locative absolute) (in the son, to the son, when the son)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction (`putre jāte` - when the son was born).

जाते (jāte) - was born (locative absolute) (born, produced)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of jāta

jāta - born, produced, occurred, become

Past Passive Participle

From root jan- (to be born, to produce)

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction.

प्रहसिताम् (prahasitām) - laughing, (appearing to be) smiling (laughing, smiling)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of prahasita

prahasita - laughed, smiling, cheerful

Past Passive Participle

From pra- + root has (to laugh) + kta suffix

Prefix: pra

Root: has (class 1)

Note: Describes Gaṅgā.

इव (iva) - as if, appearing to be (as, like, as if)

(indeclinable)

उवाच (uvāca) - spoke (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect indicative (lit) of vac

Perfect active indicative

3rd person singular, parasmaipada. Reduplicated perfect.

Root: vac (class 2)

राजा (rājā) - the king (Śaṃtanu) (king)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, sovereign

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Subject of `uvāca`.

दुःखार्तः (duḥkhārtaḥ) - greatly distressed (distressed by sorrow, afflicted by pain)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duḥkhārta

duḥkhārta - afflicted with sorrow, distressed, miserable

Compound type : tatpurusha (duḥkha+ārta)

• duḥkha – suffering, sorrow, pain, misery
  noun (neuter)
• ārta – afflicted, pained, distressed, suffering
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root ṛ (to go, to move) with prefix ā-
  Prefix: ā
  Root: ṛ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `rājā`.

परीप्सन् (parīpsan) - wishing to save (desiring to protect, wishing to preserve)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of parīpsat

parīpsat - desiring to save/protect/obtain

Present Active Participle (Desiderative)

From pari- + root āp (to obtain) + san (desiderative suffix) + śatṛ.

Prefix: pari

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: This is a desiderative participle.

पुत्रम् (putram) - son (the eighth son) (son, child)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child

Note: Object of `parīpsan`.

आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - his own (of the self, one's own, his own)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, essence, mind

Note: Possessive, referring to the king's son.