महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-92, verse-45

तस्य तन्न प्रियं राज्ञः शंतनोरभवत्तदा ।
न च तां किंचनोवाच त्यागाद्भीतो महीपतिः ॥४५॥

45. tasya tanna priyaṁ rājñaḥ śaṁtanorabhavattadā ,
na ca tāṁ kiṁcanovāca tyāgādbhīto mahīpatiḥ.

45. tasya tat na priyam rājñaḥ śaṃtanoḥ abhavat tadā
na ca tām kiṃcana uvāca tyāgāt bhītaḥ mahīpatiḥ

45. That act was not pleasing to King Śaṃtanu at that time. And the king, fearing her departure, said nothing at all to her.

Words meanings summery:

• तस्य (tasya) - to him (King Śaṃtanu) (of him, his, to him)

• तत् (tat) - that (act of killing children) (that, it)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• प्रियम् (priyam) - pleasing (dear, beloved, pleasing)

• राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - to the king (of the king, to the king)

• शंतनोः (śaṁtanoḥ) - to Śaṃtanu (of Śaṃtanu, to Śaṃtanu)

• अभवत् (abhavat) - was, happened to be (became, happened, was)

• तदा (tadā) - at that time (then, at that time)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• ताम् (tām) - to her (Gaṅgā) (her, that (feminine accusative))

• किंचन (kiṁcana) - anything (often used with `na` to mean 'nothing at all') (anything, something)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

• त्यागात् (tyāgāt) - from her departure (from abandonment, from giving up, from departure)

• भीतः (bhītaḥ) - fearing (afraid, frightened)

• महीपतिः (mahīpatiḥ) - the king (Śaṃtanu) (lord of the earth, king)

Words meanings and morphology

तस्य (tasya) - to him (King Śaṃtanu) (of him, his, to him)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: In construction with 'priyam', it often takes on a dative-like meaning ('dear to him').

तत् (tat) - that (act of killing children) (that, it)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the action.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

प्रियम् (priyam) - pleasing (dear, beloved, pleasing)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of priya

priya - dear, beloved, pleasing, favorite

Note: Grammatically nominative neuter singular, but semantically modifies the action 'tat'.

राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - to the king (of the king, to the king)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, sovereign

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Genitive with 'priyam' (dear to whom).

शंतनोः (śaṁtanoḥ) - to Śaṃtanu (of Śaṃtanu, to Śaṃtanu)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of śaṃtanu

śaṁtanu - Śaṃtanu (name of a king, father of Bhīṣma)

Note: Appears in apposition to 'rājñaḥ'.

अभवत् (abhavat) - was, happened to be (became, happened, was)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect indicative (laṅ) of bhū

Imperfect active indicative

3rd person singular, parasmaipada

Root: bhū (class 1)

तदा (tadā) - at that time (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

ताम् (tām) - to her (Gaṅgā) (her, that (feminine accusative))

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Object of `uvāca`.

किंचन (kiṁcana) - anything (often used with `na` to mean 'nothing at all') (anything, something)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kiṃcana

kiṁcana - anything, something, whatever

Indefinite pronoun, from kim + cana.

Note: Functions adverbially here as 'anything at all'.

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect indicative (lit) of vac

Perfect active indicative

3rd person singular, parasmaipada. Reduplicated perfect.

Root: vac (class 2)

त्यागात् (tyāgāt) - from her departure (from abandonment, from giving up, from departure)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of tyāga

tyāga - abandonment, relinquishment, giving up, departure

Derived from root tyaj (to abandon)

Root: tyaj (class 1)

Note: Expresses the cause/reason for fear.

भीतः (bhītaḥ) - fearing (afraid, frightened)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīta

bhīta - afraid, frightened, terrified

Past Passive Participle

From root bhī (to fear) + kta suffix

Root: bhī (class 3)

Note: Functions as a predicate adjective describing the king.

महीपतिः (mahīpatiḥ) - the king (Śaṃtanu) (lord of the earth, king)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahīpati

mahīpati - lord of the earth, king, ruler

Compound type : tatpurusha (mahī+pati)

• mahī – earth, ground
  noun (feminine)
• pati – lord, master, husband, owner
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.