महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-218, verse-45

विफलं क्रियमाणं तत्संप्रेक्ष्य च शतक्रतुः ।
भूयः संवर्धयामास तद्वर्षं देवराडथ ॥४५॥

45. viphalaṁ kriyamāṇaṁ tatsaṁprekṣya ca śatakratuḥ ,
bhūyaḥ saṁvardhayāmāsa tadvarṣaṁ devarāḍatha.

45. viphalaṃ kriyamāṇaṃ tat saṃprekṣya ca śatakratuḥ
bhūyaḥ saṃvardhayāmāsa tat varṣaṃ devarāṭ atha

45. śatakratuḥ devarāṭ ca tat viphalaṃ kriyamāṇaṃ
saṃprekṣya atha bhūyaḥ tat varṣaṃ saṃvardhayāmāsa

45. And Śatakratuḥ (Indra), the king of gods, having observed that [action] being performed fruitlessly, then further intensified that rain.

Words meanings summery:

• विफलं (viphalaṁ) - fruitless, useless, in vain

• क्रियमाणं (kriyamāṇaṁ) - being done, being performed

• तत् (tat) - that

• संप्रेक्ष्य (saṁprekṣya) - having observed, having seen fully

• च (ca) - and

• शतक्रतुः (śatakratuḥ) - Indra, as the performer of a hundred Vedic rituals (yajña). (Śatakratu, Indra)

• भूयः (bhūyaḥ) - again, further, more

• संवर्धयामास (saṁvardhayāmāsa) - caused to grow, intensified, increased

• तत् (tat) - that

• वर्षं (varṣaṁ) - rain (rain, rainy season, year)

• देवराट् (devarāṭ) - Indra (king of gods, Indra)

• अथ (atha) - then, thus, now

Words meanings and morphology

विफलं (viphalaṁ) - fruitless, useless, in vain

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of viphala

viphala - fruitless, unproductive, vain, useless

Compound type : bahuvrihi (vi+phala)

• vi – without, apart, away
  indeclinable
• phala – fruit, result, consequence
  noun (neuter)

Note: Accusative singular neuter, agreeing with `tat` and `kriyamāṇaṃ`.

क्रियमाणं (kriyamāṇaṁ) - being done, being performed

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kriyamāṇa

kriyamāṇa - being done, being made, being performed

Present Passive Participle

Derived from root `kṛ` (to do, to make) with suffix `-yamāna` (passive present participle).

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Accusative singular neuter, agreeing with `tat`.

तत् (tat) - that

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to some action or state being performed.

संप्रेक्ष्य (saṁprekṣya) - having observed, having seen fully

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from root `īkṣ` (to see) with prefixes `sam` and `pra`, and suffix `-ya`.

Prefixes: sam+pra

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

Note: Expresses an action completed before the main verb.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the observation (`saṃprekṣya`) with the main action (`saṃvardhayāmāsa`).

शतक्रतुः (śatakratuḥ) - Indra, as the performer of a hundred Vedic rituals (yajña). (Śatakratu, Indra)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śatakratu

śatakratu - Indra, one who performs a hundred Vedic rituals (yajña)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (śata+kratu)

• śata – hundred
  numeral (neuter)
• kratu – Vedic ritual (yajña), sacrifice, power, intelligence
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

भूयः (bhūyaḥ) - again, further, more

(indeclinable)

Comparative form of `bahu` (much), used as an adverb.

Note: Modifies `saṃvardhayāmāsa`.

संवर्धयामास (saṁvardhayāmāsa) - caused to grow, intensified, increased

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (Lit) of saṃvardhayāmāsa

Causative perfect (āmāsa ending)

Root `vṛdh` (to grow) with `sam` prefix, causative suffix `-aya`, and perfect tense ending.

Prefix: sam

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

तत् (tat) - that

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Demonstrative pronoun modifying `varṣaṃ`.

वर्षं (varṣaṁ) - rain (rain, rainy season, year)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of varṣa

varṣa - rain, rainy season, year, cloud

From root `vṛṣ` (to rain).

Root: vṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Direct object of `saṃvardhayāmāsa`.

देवराट् (devarāṭ) - Indra (king of gods, Indra)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of devarāj

devarāj - king of gods, Indra

From `deva` (god) + `rājan` (king). `j` becomes `ṭ` in nominative singular before pause.

Compound type : tatpurusha (deva+rājan)

• deva – god, deity
  noun (masculine)
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

Note: Appositive to `śatakratuḥ`.

अथ (atha) - then, thus, now

(indeclinable)

Note: Indicates sequence or transition.