महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-218, verse-7

तस्य पूर्वं शिरो ग्रस्तं पुच्छमस्य निगीर्यते ।
ऊर्ध्वमाचक्रमे सा तु पन्नगी पुत्रगृद्धिनी ॥७॥

7. tasya pūrvaṁ śiro grastaṁ pucchamasya nigīryate ,
ūrdhvamācakrame sā tu pannagī putragṛddhinī.

7. tasya pūrvam śiraḥ grastam puccham asya nigīryate
ūrdhvam ācakrame sā tu pannagī putragṛddhinī

7. First, his head was swallowed, and then his tail was being swallowed. But that female serpent (pannagī), intensely desiring her son, then rose upwards.

Words meanings summery:

• तस्य (tasya) - of Aśvasena (his, of him)

• पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - first, before, earlier

• शिरः (śiraḥ) - Aśvasena's head (head)

• ग्रस्तम् (grastam) - swallowed, seized, devoured

• पुच्छम् (puccham) - Aśvasena's tail (tail)

• अस्य (asya) - of Aśvasena (his, of him)

• निगीर्यते (nigīryate) - is being swallowed

• ऊर्ध्वम् (ūrdhvam) - upwards, aloft

• आचक्रमे (ācakrame) - flew/moved upwards (ascended, stepped, proceeded)

• सा (sā) - Aśvasena's mother (she, that)

• तु (tu) - but, however, on the other hand

• पन्नगी (pannagī) - Aśvasena's mother (female serpent, Naga woman)

• पुत्रगृद्धिनी (putragṛddhinī) - yearning to save her son (greedy for a son, intensely desiring a son)

Words meanings and morphology

तस्य (tasya) - of Aśvasena (his, of him)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Aśvasena.

पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - first, before, earlier

(indeclinable)

Note: Used adverbially here, meaning 'first'. Also can be nominative/accusative neuter singular.

शिरः (śiraḥ) - Aśvasena's head (head)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śiras

śiras - head, top

Note: Subject of the passive verb `grastam` (implied `āsīt`).

ग्रस्तम् (grastam) - swallowed, seized, devoured

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of grasta

grasta - swallowed, eaten, seized, devoured

Past Passive Participle

From root 'gras' (1st class)

Root: gras (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `śiraḥ`. Implies `āsīt` (was).

पुच्छम् (puccham) - Aśvasena's tail (tail)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of puccha

puccha - tail

Note: Subject of `nigīryate`.

अस्य (asya) - of Aśvasena (his, of him)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Aśvasena.

निगीर्यते (nigīryate) - is being swallowed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of nigī

Passive voice of root 'gṛ' (from 'gī', 6th class) with prefix 'ni', 3rd person singular, present tense

Prefix: ni

Root: gṛ (class 6)

Note: Describes the swallowing of the tail.

ऊर्ध्वम् (ūrdhvam) - upwards, aloft

(indeclinable)

Note: Used adverbially.

आचक्रमे (ācakrame) - flew/moved upwards (ascended, stepped, proceeded)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past perfect (liṭ) of ākram

Root 'kram' (1st class) with prefix 'ā', 3rd person singular, perfect tense (liṭ), middle voice

Prefix: ā

Root: kram (class 1)

सा (sā) - Aśvasena's mother (she, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the mother (`pannagī`).

तु (tu) - but, however, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

पन्नगी (pannagī) - Aśvasena's mother (female serpent, Naga woman)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of pannagin

pannagin - serpent, snake

Feminine form of pannaga

Note: Refers to the mother.

पुत्रगृद्धिनी (putragṛddhinī) - yearning to save her son (greedy for a son, intensely desiring a son)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of putragṛddhin

putragṛddhin - greedy for a son, intensely desirous of a son

Compound type : tatpurusha (putra+gṛddhin)

• putra – son
  noun (masculine)
• gṛddhin – greedy, desirous, covetous
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Agrees with `pannagī` and `sā`.