योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-7, chapter-155, verse-51

व्याध उवाच ।
अहो नु भगवन्दुःखं परिभोक्तव्यमक्षयम् ।
मया व्यर्थमनर्थाय यदर्थेन दुरर्थितम् ॥ ५१ ॥

vyādha uvāca ,
aho nu bhagavanduḥkhaṃ paribhoktavyamakṣayam ,
mayā vyarthamanarthāya yadarthena durarthitam 51

51. vyādhaḥ uvāca aho nu bhagavan duḥkham paribhoktavyam
akṣayam mayā vyartham anarthāya yat arthena durarthitam

51. vyādhaḥ uvāca bhagavan aho nu akṣayam duḥkham mayā
paribhoktavyam yat arthena durarthitam mayā vyartham anarthāya

51. The hunter said: O revered one, alas, truly, unending suffering must be endured by me! Whatever was ill-acquired by me using wealth was in vain, leading only to misfortune.

Words meanings summery:

• व्याधः (vyādhaḥ) - hunter

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

• अहो (aho) - Oh! Ah! Alas!

• नु (nu) - indeed, now, then (particle of emphasis or inquiry)

• भगवन् (bhagavan) - O revered one, O worshipful one

• दुःखम् (duḥkham) - suffering, misery

• परिभोक्तव्यम् (paribhoktavyam) - to be experienced, to be endured

• अक्षयम् (akṣayam) - inexhaustible, imperishable, unending

• मया (mayā) - by me

• व्यर्थम् (vyartham) - in vain, uselessly

• अनर्थाय (anarthāya) - for misfortune, for evil, for harm

• यत् (yat) - which, whatever, that which

• अर्थेन (arthena) - by means of wealth, by purpose

• दुरर्थितम् (durarthitam) - ill-sought, ill-acquired, misused

Words meanings and morphology

व्याधः (vyādhaḥ) - hunter

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vyādha

vyādha - hunter, fowler

Root: vyadh (class 4)

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect (lit) third person singular, active voice.

Root: vac (class 2)

अहो (aho) - Oh! Ah! Alas!

(indeclinable)

नु (nu) - indeed, now, then (particle of emphasis or inquiry)

(indeclinable)

भगवन् (bhagavan) - O revered one, O worshipful one

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhagavat

bhagavat - divine, glorious, fortunate, revered

Root: bhaj (class 1)

Note: Addressing the Muni.

दुःखम् (duḥkham) - suffering, misery

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - suffering, misery, pain, sorrow

Note: Subject of the verb 'paribhoktavyam' (impersonally construed).

परिभोक्तव्यम् (paribhoktavyam) - to be experienced, to be endured

(participle)

Nominative, neuter, singular of paribhoktavya

paribhoktavya - to be eaten, to be enjoyed, to be suffered, to be experienced

Gerundive (Future Passive Participle)

Derived from root bhuj (to eat, enjoy, suffer) with prefix pari- and suffix -tavya.

Prefix: pari

Root: bhuj (class 7)

Note: Implies 'it must be suffered by me'.

अक्षयम् (akṣayam) - inexhaustible, imperishable, unending

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of akṣaya

akṣaya - imperishable, undiminishing

Compound of 'a' (negation) and 'kṣaya' (perishing).

Compound type : nañ-tatpurusha (a+kṣaya)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative particle.
• kṣaya – destruction, decay, loss
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root kṣi (to perish).
  Root: kṣi (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'duḥkham'.

मया (mayā) - by me

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of aham

aham - I, myself

Note: Agent in passive construction (by me).

व्यर्थम् (vyartham) - in vain, uselessly

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vyartha

vyartha - useless, vain

Compound type : avyayibhava (vi+artha)

• vi – without, apart
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating separation or lack.
• artha – purpose, meaning, wealth
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ṛ (class 3)

Note: Adverbial usage, describing the manner of 'durarthitam'.

अनर्थाय (anarthāya) - for misfortune, for evil, for harm

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of anartha

anartha - misfortune, harm, evil

Compound type : nañ-tatpurusha (a+artha)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative particle.
• artha – purpose, meaning, wealth, benefit
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ṛ (class 3)

Note: Indicates purpose or result.

यत् (yat) - which, whatever, that which

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what

Note: Relative pronoun referring to the action of 'durarthitam'.

अर्थेन (arthena) - by means of wealth, by purpose

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of artha

artha - purpose, meaning, wealth, object

Root: ṛ (class 3)

Note: Instrument for 'durarthitam'.

दुरर्थितम् (durarthitam) - ill-sought, ill-acquired, misused

(participle)

Nominative, neuter, singular of durarthita

durarthita - ill-sought, misused, ill-acquired

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root arth (to seek, to ask) with prefix dur- (bad, difficult).

Prefix: dur

Root: arth (class 10)

Note: Agrees with implied 'tat' or 'karma' (action).