योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-6, chapter-41, verse-51

श्रीवसिष्ठ उवाच ।
गन्धर्वनगराकारमपि स्वप्ननरोपमम् ।
जगद्दुःखाय दुःखस्य कात्र युक्तिः परिक्षये ॥ ५१ ॥

śrīvasiṣṭha uvāca ,
gandharvanagarākāramapi svapnanaropamam ,
jagadduḥkhāya duḥkhasya kātra yuktiḥ parikṣaye 51

51. śrīvasiṣṭha uvāca gandharvanagarākāram api svapnanaropamam
jagat duḥkhāya duḥkhasya kā atra yuktiḥ parikṣaye

51. śrīvasiṣṭha uvāca gandharvanagarākāram api svapnanaropamam
jagat duḥkhāya [bhavati] duḥkhasya parikṣaye atra kā yuktiḥ?

51. Śrī Vasiṣṭha said: When this world itself, resembling an illusory city of Gandharvas and comparable to a dream-person, leads to suffering, what reasoning is there for the eradication of that suffering?

Words meanings summery:

• श्रीवसिष्ठ (śrīvasiṣṭha) - Śrī Vasiṣṭha (a revered sage)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• गन्धर्वनगराकारम् (gandharvanagarākāram) - having the form of a Gandharva city; illusory like a mirage-city

• अपि (api) - even, also, and, too

• स्वप्ननरोपमम् (svapnanaropamam) - comparable to a dream-person, like a dream-man

• जगत् (jagat) - the world, universe

• दुःखाय (duḥkhāya) - for suffering, causing suffering, leading to misery

• दुःखस्य (duḥkhasya) - of suffering, of pain

• का (kā) - what, which

• अत्र (atra) - here, in this matter

• युक्तिः (yuktiḥ) - reason, logic, means, connection, argument

• परिक्षये (parikṣaye) - in the destruction, in the cessation, in the decay

Words meanings and morphology

श्रीवसिष्ठ (śrīvasiṣṭha) - Śrī Vasiṣṭha (a revered sage)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śrīvasiṣṭha

śrīvasiṣṭha - Śrī Vasiṣṭha (a celebrated Vedic sage, guru of Rama)

Compound of 'śrī' (auspicious, glorious) and 'vasiṣṭha' (name of the sage).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (śrī+vasiṣṭha)

• śrī – auspicious, glorious, prosperity, divine beauty
  adjective (feminine)
• vasiṣṭha – Vasiṣṭha (name of a sage)
  proper noun (masculine)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Tense

Root 'vac', Pāṇinian class 2, parasmaipada. Perfect tense 3rd singular active form.

Root: vac (class 2)

गन्धर्वनगराकारम् (gandharvanagarākāram) - having the form of a Gandharva city; illusory like a mirage-city

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of gandharvanagarākāra

gandharvanagarākāra - having the form or appearance of a city of Gandharvas (an illusory city or mirage)

Compound of 'gandharvanagara' (Gandharva city) and 'ākāra' (form).

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (gandharvanagara+ākāra)

• gandharvanagara – city of Gandharvas, mirage
  noun (neuter)
  Compound noun.
• ākāra – form, shape, appearance, manner
  noun (masculine)
  From 'ā' (prefix) + root 'kṛ' (to make) + suffix 'a'.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Adjective modifying 'jagat' (implied nominative, but the adjective is accusative as a predicate or describing its nature).

अपि (api) - even, also, and, too

(indeclinable)

स्वप्ननरोपमम् (svapnanaropamam) - comparable to a dream-person, like a dream-man

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of svapnanaropama

svapnanaropama - comparable to a dream-person, resembling a figure in a dream

Compound of 'svapnanara' (dream-person) and 'upama' (comparison, resemblance).

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (svapnanara+upama)

• svapnanara – dream-person
  noun (masculine)
  Compound noun.
• upama – comparison, resemblance, simile; resembling
  noun (feminine)
  From 'upa' (prefix) + root 'mā' (to measure).
  Prefix: upa
  Root: mā (class 2)

Note: Adjective modifying 'jagat' (implied nominative, but the adjective is accusative as a predicate or describing its nature).

जगत् (jagat) - the world, universe

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of jagat

jagat - the world, universe, what moves, living beings

Present Active Participle (substantivized)

From root 'gam' (to go) with 'a' suffix, meaning 'that which moves'.

Root: gam (class 1)

दुःखाय (duḥkhāya) - for suffering, causing suffering, leading to misery

(noun)

Dative, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - suffering, pain, misery, sorrow

Note: Used here to express purpose or result: 'for suffering' or 'leads to suffering'.

दुःखस्य (duḥkhasya) - of suffering, of pain

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - suffering, pain, misery, sorrow

का (kā) - what, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of kim

kim - what, which, who (interrogative pronoun)

Note: Agrees with 'yuktiḥ'.

अत्र (atra) - here, in this matter

(indeclinable)

Derived from 'idam' (this) with the locative suffix '-tra'.

युक्तिः (yuktiḥ) - reason, logic, means, connection, argument

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of yukti

yukti - reason, logic, argument, means, skill, connection

From root 'yuj' (to join, to employ) with suffix '-ti'.

Root: yuj (class 7)

परिक्षये (parikṣaye) - in the destruction, in the cessation, in the decay

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of parikṣaya

parikṣaya - destruction, annihilation, decay, end, cessation

From 'pari' (prefix) + root 'kṣi' (to destroy, diminish) + suffix 'a'.

Prefix: pari

Root: kṣi (class 5)