योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-6, chapter-41, verse-50

जीवदेतदवस्थाकं स्थितं पश्यति देहकम् ।
असन्तमेव गन्धर्वपुरं स्वप्रनरं यथा ॥ ५० ॥

jīvadetadavasthākaṃ sthitaṃ paśyati dehakam ,
asantameva gandharvapuraṃ svapranaraṃ yathā 50

50. jīvat etat avasthākam sthitam paśyati dehakām
asantam eva gandharvapuraṃ svapranaram yathā

50. [janaḥ] jīvat etadavastākam sthitam dehakām asantam
eva gandharvapuraṃ svapranaram yathā paśyati

50. One perceives this living body, which exists in its particular state, as indeed non-existent, just like an illusory city of Gandharvas or a person seen in a dream.

Words meanings summery:

• जीवत् (jīvat) - living, alive

• एतत् (etat) - this, that

• अवस्थाकम् (avasthākam) - being in a certain state, relating to a state/condition

• स्थितम् (sthitam) - existing, situated, standing, remaining

• पश्यति (paśyati) - sees, observes, perceives

• देहकाम् (dehakām) - body

• असन्तम् (asantam) - non-existent, unreal

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, just, certainly

• गन्धर्वपुरं (gandharvapuraṁ) - a city of Gandharvas; an illusory city, mirage

• स्वप्रनरम् (svapranaram) - dream-person, person in a dream

• यथा (yathā) - as, just as, like

Words meanings and morphology

जीवत् (jīvat) - living, alive

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of jīvat

jīvat - living, alive

Present Active Participle

Derived from the root 'jīv' (to live) with the suffix '-at'.

Root: jīv (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'dehakām'.

एतत् (etat) - this, that

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of etas

etas - this, that

Note: Part of the compound 'etadavastākam'.

अवस्थाकम् (avasthākam) - being in a certain state, relating to a state/condition

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of avasthāka

avasthāka - being in a certain state, relating to a state/condition

Derived from 'avasthā' (state, condition) with the suffix '-ka'.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (avasthā)

• avasthā – state, condition, situation, stage
  noun (feminine)
  From 'ava' (prefix) + root 'sthā' (to stand) + suffix 'ā'.
  Prefix: ava
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Forms part of the compound 'etadavastākam', modifying 'dehakām'.

स्थितम् (sthitam) - existing, situated, standing, remaining

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sthita

sthita - existing, situated, standing, established

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root 'sthā' (to stand, to be) with the suffix '-ta'.

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'dehakām'.

पश्यति (paśyati) - sees, observes, perceives

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of dṛś

Present Indicative

Root 'dṛś', Pāṇinian class 1 (irregular stem 'paśya-'), parasmaipada.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

देहकाम् (dehakām) - body

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dehaka

dehaka - body (often diminutive or slightly depreciatory, but can simply mean 'body')

From 'deha' (body) with suffix '-ka'.

असन्तम् (asantam) - non-existent, unreal

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of asant

asant - non-existent, not being, unreal, bad

Present Active Participle (negative)

Negative particle 'a-' combined with 'sat' (present participle of 'as', to be).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+sat)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• sat – being, existing, real, good
  adjective
  Present Active Participle
  Derived from the root 'as' (to be) with the suffix '-at'.
  Root: as (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'dehakām'.

एव (eva) - indeed, only, just, certainly

(indeclinable)

गन्धर्वपुरं (gandharvapuraṁ) - a city of Gandharvas; an illusory city, mirage

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of gandharvapura

gandharvapura - city of Gandharvas (mythical celestial musicians, their cities are often invoked as examples of illusion or mirage)

Compound noun.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (gandharva+pura)

• gandharva – Gandharva (a class of celestial beings, musicians, often associated with illusion)
  noun (masculine)
• pura – city, town, fortress
  noun (neuter)

Note: Object of comparison for 'dehakām'.

स्वप्रनरम् (svapranaram) - dream-person, person in a dream

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of svapranara

svapranara - dream-person, person in a dream

Compound noun.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (svapna+nara)

• svapna – sleep, dream
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'svap' (to sleep).
  Root: svap (class 2)
• nara – man, person, human
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of comparison for 'dehakām'.

यथा (yathā) - as, just as, like

(indeclinable)

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