योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-6, chapter-41, verse-52

ईश्वर उवाच ।
वासनावशतो दुःखं विद्यमाने च सा भवेत् ।
अविद्यमानं च जगन्मृगतृष्णाम्बुभङ्गवत् ॥ ५२ ॥

īśvara uvāca ,
vāsanāvaśato duḥkhaṃ vidyamāne ca sā bhavet ,
avidyamānaṃ ca jaganmṛgatṛṣṇāmbubhaṅgavat 52

52. īśvara uvāca vāsanāvaśataḥ duḥkham vidyamāne ca sā
bhavet avidyamānam ca jagat mṛgatṛṣṇāmbu-bhaṅgavat

52. īśvara uvāca duḥkham vāsanāvaśataḥ
[bhavati] ca sā vidyamāne
[sati] bhavet ca jagat avidyamānam
mṛgatṛṣṇāmbu-bhaṅgavat [asti]

52. Īśvara said: Suffering arises due to the influence of latent impressions (vāsanā), and such (vāsanā) would exist when something (to attach to) is present. Yet, the world, which is inherently non-existent, is like the dissolution of mirage water.

Words meanings summery:

• ईश्वर (īśvara) - the Lord, God, master, ruler

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• वासनावशतः (vāsanāvaśataḥ) - due to the force of latent impressions, by the power of inherent tendencies

• दुःखम् (duḥkham) - suffering, pain, misery

• विद्यमाने (vidyamāne) - when existing, being present, in the presence of

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• सा (sā) - referring to 'vāsanā' (latent impression) (she, that (feminine))

• भवेत् (bhavet) - would be, may be, should be, might be

• अविद्यमानम् (avidyamānam) - non-existent, not being present, unreal

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• जगत् (jagat) - the world, universe

• मृगतृष्णाम्बु-भङ्गवत् (mṛgatṛṣṇāmbu-bhaṅgavat) - like the disappearance of mirage water, like the breaking of mirage water

Words meanings and morphology

ईश्वर (īśvara) - the Lord, God, master, ruler

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of īśvara

īśvara - the Lord, God, master, ruler, controller

From root 'īś' (to rule, to be master of) with suffix 'vara'.

Root: īś (class 2)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Tense

Root 'vac', Pāṇinian class 2, parasmaipada. Perfect tense 3rd singular active form.

Root: vac (class 2)

वासनावशतः (vāsanāvaśataḥ) - due to the force of latent impressions, by the power of inherent tendencies

(indeclinable)

Compound 'vāsanā-vaśa' (power of vāsanā) with ablative suffix '-tas'.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vāsanā+vaśa)

• vāsanā – latent impression, subconscious tendency, desire, mental predisposition
  noun (feminine)
  From root 'vas' (to dwell, perfume) + suffix 'anā'.
  Root: vas (class 1)
• vaśa – power, control, influence, will
  noun (masculine)

दुःखम् (duḥkham) - suffering, pain, misery

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - suffering, pain, misery, sorrow

विद्यमाने (vidyamāne) - when existing, being present, in the presence of

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of vidyamāna

vidyamāna - existing, being present, existent

Present Middle Participle

Derived from the root 'vid' (to be, to exist) with the suffix '-māna'.

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Used here in a locative absolute construction, or adverbially: 'when [it is] existing'.

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

सा (sā) - referring to 'vāsanā' (latent impression) (she, that (feminine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, it

भवेत् (bhavet) - would be, may be, should be, might be

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of bhū

Optative Mood

Root 'bhū', Pāṇinian class 1, parasmaipada. Optative mood 3rd singular active form.

Root: bhū (class 1)

अविद्यमानम् (avidyamānam) - non-existent, not being present, unreal

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of avidyamāna

avidyamāna - non-existent, not being present, unreal

Present Middle Participle (negative)

Negative particle 'a-' combined with 'vidyamāna' (present participle of 'vid', to be).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+vidyamāna)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• vidyamāna – existing, being present
  adjective
  Present Middle Participle
  Derived from the root 'vid' (to be, to exist) with the suffix '-māna'.
  Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'jagat'.

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

जगत् (jagat) - the world, universe

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of jagat

jagat - the world, universe, what moves, living beings

Present Active Participle (substantivized)

From root 'gam' (to go) with 'a' suffix, meaning 'that which moves'.

Root: gam (class 1)

मृगतृष्णाम्बु-भङ्गवत् (mṛgatṛṣṇāmbu-bhaṅgavat) - like the disappearance of mirage water, like the breaking of mirage water

(indeclinable)

Compound 'mṛgatṛṣṇāmbu-bhaṅga' (disappearance of mirage water) with suffix '-vat' (like).

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (mṛgatṛṣṇā+ambu+bhaṅga)

• mṛgatṛṣṇā – mirage (lit. 'deer's thirst')
  noun (feminine)
  Compound noun.
• ambu – water
  noun (neuter)
• bhaṅga – breaking, dissolution, disappearance, destruction
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'bhañj' (to break).
  Root: bhañj (class 7)