योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-6, chapter-41, verse-4

श्रीवसिष्ठ उवाच ।
यदिन्द्रियाणां बुद्ध्यादियुक्तानामप्यदृश्यताम् ।
गतं तत्कथमीशान त्वशङ्केनोपगम्यते ॥ ४ ॥

śrīvasiṣṭha uvāca ,
yadindriyāṇāṃ buddhyādiyuktānāmapyadṛśyatām ,
gataṃ tatkathamīśāna tvaśaṅkenopagamyate 4

4. śrīvasiṣṭha uvāca yat indriyāṇām buddhyādiyuktānām api
adṛśyatām gatam tat katham īśāna tvaśaṅkena upagamyate

4. śrīvasiṣṭha uvāca īśāna yat indriyāṇām buddhyādiyuktānām api adṛśyatām gatam,
tat katham tvaśaṅkena upagamyate?

4. Śrī Vasiṣṭha said: O Lord (īśāna), if that (reality) has become imperceptible even to the senses and to those endowed with intellect (buddhi) and so forth, then how is it approached or understood by you without any doubt?

Words meanings summery:

• श्रीवसिष्ठ (śrīvasiṣṭha) - The venerable sage Vasiṣṭha (Śrī Vasiṣṭha (proper name))

• उवाच (uvāca) - (Śrī Vasiṣṭha) said (said, spoke)

• यत् (yat) - that which (refers to the 'sat kiñcit' from the previous verse) (which, that, because)

• इन्द्रियाणाम् (indriyāṇām) - of the senses (of the senses, of the organs of sense)

• बुद्ध्यादियुक्तानाम् (buddhyādiyuktānām) - of those endowed with intellect (buddhi) and similar faculties (of those endowed with intellect etc.)

• अपि (api) - even (also, even, too)

• अदृश्यताम् (adṛśyatām) - imperceptibility (imperceptibility, invisibility)

• गतम् (gatam) - has attained (imperceptibility) (gone, reached, attained)

• तत् (tat) - that (correlative to 'yat') (that, it, he, she)

• कथम् (katham) - how (interrogative adverb) (how, in what manner, why)

• ईशान (īśāna) - O Lord (vocative) (ruler, lord, master)

• त्वशङ्केन (tvaśaṅkena) - by you without doubt (by your undoubting nature, by your fearlessness)

• उपगम्यते (upagamyate) - is approached or understood (is approached, is understood, is attained)

Words meanings and morphology

श्रीवसिष्ठ (śrīvasiṣṭha) - The venerable sage Vasiṣṭha (Śrī Vasiṣṭha (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śrīvasiṣṭha

śrīvasiṣṭha - The venerable sage Vasiṣṭha

Note: Subject of the verb 'uvāca'.

उवाच (uvāca) - (Śrī Vasiṣṭha) said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (Liṭ) of vac

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular

Root vac (class 2) conjugated in the Perfect (Liṭ) tense, 3rd person singular, active voice. The initial 'v' often changes to 'u' in perfect forms.

Root: vac (class 2)

यत् (yat) - that which (refers to the 'sat kiñcit' from the previous verse) (which, that, because)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that, because, since

Pronominal stem.

Note: Subject of 'gatam'.

इन्द्रियाणाम् (indriyāṇām) - of the senses (of the senses, of the organs of sense)

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, plural of indriya

indriya - belonging to Indra; faculty, organ of sense or action, virility, power

Derived from 'indra'.

Note: Possessive case, indicating relation to 'adṛśyatām'.

बुद्ध्यादियुक्तानाम् (buddhyādiyuktānām) - of those endowed with intellect (buddhi) and similar faculties (of those endowed with intellect etc.)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of buddhyādiyukta

buddhyādiyukta - endowed with intellect and other faculties, possessing understanding etc.

Compound of 'buddhi' (intellect), 'ādi' (etcetera), and 'yukta' (endowed).

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (buddhi+ādi+yukta)

• buddhi – intellect, understanding
  noun (feminine)
  Root: budh (class 1)
• ādi – beginning, etcetera
  noun (masculine/neuter)
• yukta – endowed, joined
  adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'yuj' (to join) with suffix '-ta'.
  Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: It is modifying an implied noun (e.g., 'prāṇinām'), meaning 'of those who are endowed with intellect etc.'.

अपि (api) - even (also, even, too)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

अदृश्यताम् (adṛśyatām) - imperceptibility (imperceptibility, invisibility)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of adṛśyatā

adṛśyatā - imperceptibility, invisibility

Abstract noun from 'adṛśya' (invisible, imperceptible) with suffix '-tā'. 'adṛśya' itself is from 'a' (not) + 'dṛśya' (to be seen/perceived).

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (adṛśya+tā)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• dṛśya – visible, to be seen, perceptible
  adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)
  Gerundive
  From root 'dṛś' (to see) with suffix '-ya' (potential passive participle).
  Root: dṛś (class 1)
• tā – suffix for abstract nouns, -ness, -hood
  suffix (nominalizer) (feminine)
  Suffix forming abstract nouns.

Note: Object of the verb 'gatam', meaning 'has gone to imperceptibility'.

गतम् (gatam) - has attained (imperceptibility) (gone, reached, attained)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of gata

gata - gone, arrived, reached, attained, passed away

Past Passive Participle

From root 'gam' (to go) with suffix '-ta'.

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Predicates the state of 'yat'.

तत् (tat) - that (correlative to 'yat') (that, it, he, she)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this, it, he, she

Note: Correlative pronoun for 'yat'.

कथम् (katham) - how (interrogative adverb) (how, in what manner, why)

(indeclinable)

Interrogative adverb.

ईशान (īśāna) - O Lord (vocative) (ruler, lord, master)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of īśāna

īśāna - ruling, commanding; lord, master, ruler, a name of Śiva

Present Active Participle

From root 'īś' (to rule) with suffix '-āna', used substantively.

Root: īś (class 2)

Note: Vocative addressing the speaker.

त्वशङ्केन (tvaśaṅkena) - by you without doubt (by your undoubting nature, by your fearlessness)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tvaśaṅka

tvaśaṅka - fearlessness, undoubting nature; or associated with your non-doubt

Compound of 'tva' (your/self) and 'aśaṅka' (undoubted/fearless).

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (tva+aśaṅka)

• tva – you (as a possessive stem in compound), your
  pronoun
  Pronominal stem, used here in a compound to mean 'your'.
• aśaṅka – free from doubt, fearless, undoubted
  adjective (masculine/neuter)
  Compound of 'a' (not) and 'śaṅkā' (doubt).
  Root: śaṅk (class 1)

Note: Functions as the agent or means in the passive construction.

उपगम्यते (upagamyate) - is approached or understood (is approached, is understood, is attained)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (Laṭ) of upagam

Present tense, Passive voice, 3rd person singular

Root 'gam' (to go) with prefix 'upa', conjugated in the Present (Laṭ) tense, 3rd person singular, passive voice.

Prefix: upa

Root: gam (class 1)

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