योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-6, chapter-105, verse-31

ययावुन्नादचक्राह्वभ्रमद्भ्रमरपेटकम् ।
सुहृदौ तावथोत्थाय संध्यामुद्यन्निशाकराम् ॥ ३१ ॥

yayāvunnādacakrāhvabhramadbhramarapeṭakam ,
suhṛdau tāvathotthāya saṃdhyāmudyanniśākarām 31

31. yayau un nāda cakra āhva bhramat bhramara peṭakam
suhṛdau tau atha utthāya sandhyām udyat niśākarām

31. [implied subject] un nāda cakra
āhva bhramat bhramara peṭakam yayau
tau suhṛdau atha utthāya udyat
niśākarām sandhyām [implied verb]

31. The evening progressed (to a state characterized by) a loud humming swarm of bees buzzing around the cakravāka birds. Then, those two friends, having risen, observed the twilight with the rising moon.

Words meanings summery:

• ययौ (yayau) - went, reached, attained, progressed

• उन् (un) - up, forth, out, loud

• नाद (nāda) - sound, noise, roar, cry

• चक्र (cakra) - wheel, disc, flock, cakravāka bird

• आह्व (āhva) - refers to cakravāka birds when combined with 'cakra' (call, name, appellation)

• भ्रमत् (bhramat) - wandering, buzzing, roaming

• भ्रमर (bhramara) - bee, large black bee

• पेटकम् (peṭakam) - a swarm of bees (swarm, cluster, box, basket)

• सुहृदौ (suhṛdau) - two friends, two well-wishers

• तौ (tau) - those two

• अथ (atha) - then, now, thereupon

• उत्थाय (utthāya) - having risen, having stood up

• सन्ध्याम् (sandhyām) - evening twilight, junction of day and night

• उद्यत् (udyat) - rising, ascending, appearing

• निशाकराम् (niśākarām) - moon (literally 'night-maker')

Words meanings and morphology

ययौ (yayau) - went, reached, attained, progressed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of yā

Perfect (Liṭ) 3rd singular

Root verb `yā`, reduplication `ya-`, and perfect ending `au`.

Root: yā (class 2)

उन् (un) - up, forth, out, loud

(indeclinable)

Note: Part of the compound `un-nāda-cakra-āhva-bhramat-bhramara-peṭakam`.

नाद (nāda) - sound, noise, roar, cry

(noun)

masculine, singular of nāda

nāda - sound, noise, roar, cry

From √nad (to sound, roar).

Root: nad (class 1)

Note: Part of `un-nāda...` (loud noise), within the larger compound.

चक्र (cakra) - wheel, disc, flock, cakravāka bird

(noun)

neuter, singular of cakra

cakra - wheel, disc, circle, flock, group; also shortened form of 'cakravāka' (sheldrake)

Note: Part of the compound `...cakra-āhva...`.

आह्व (āhva) - refers to cakravāka birds when combined with 'cakra' (call, name, appellation)

(noun)

masculine, singular of āhva

āhva - call, naming; a name or appellation; often refers to the 'cakravāka' bird when used after 'cakra'

From √hvā (to call) with prefix ā-.

Prefix: ā

Root: hvā (class 1)

Note: Part of `un-nāda-cakra-āhva-bhramat-bhramara-peṭakam`.

भ्रमत् (bhramat) - wandering, buzzing, roaming

(adjective)

masculine, singular of bhramat

bhramat - wandering, buzzing, roaming, moving around

Present Active Participle

From √bhram (to wander, buzz), present participle, nominative/accusative singular.

Root: bhram (class 1)

Note: Modifies `bhramara` within the larger compound.

भ्रमर (bhramara) - bee, large black bee

(noun)

masculine, singular of bhramara

bhramara - bee, large black bee

From √bhram (to wander, buzz).

Root: bhram (class 1)

Note: Part of `un-nāda-cakra-āhva-bhramat-bhramara-peṭakam`.

पेटकम् (peṭakam) - a swarm of bees (swarm, cluster, box, basket)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of peṭaka

peṭaka - basket, box, chest, swarm, cluster, collection

Note: The object or state-descriptor of `yayau`. The full compound is `un-nāda-cakra-āhva-bhramat-bhramara-peṭakam` (a swarm of noisy, buzzing bees around the cakravāka birds).

सुहृदौ (suhṛdau) - two friends, two well-wishers

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of suhṛd

suhṛd - friend, well-wisher (literally 'good-hearted')

Compound of 'su' (good) + 'hṛd' (heart).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (su+hṛd)

• su – good, well, excellent
  indeclinable
• hṛd – heart
  noun (neuter)

Note: Subject of the implied verb (e.g., 'observed', 'went').

तौ (tau) - those two

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to `suhṛdau`.

अथ (atha) - then, now, thereupon

(indeclinable)

उत्थाय (utthāya) - having risen, having stood up

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Root verb `sthā` with prefix `ud-`, forming absolutive.

Prefix: ud

Root: sthā (class 1)

सन्ध्याम् (sandhyām) - evening twilight, junction of day and night

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of sandhyā

sandhyā - evening twilight, junction (of day and night), period of transition

From prefix 'sam' and √dhyai or √dhā (to join).

Prefix: sam

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Object of the implied verb (e.g., 'observed', 'approached').

उद्यत् (udyat) - rising, ascending, appearing

(adjective)

masculine, singular of udyat

udyat - rising, ascending, appearing

Present Active Participle

From √yam (to go) with prefix ud-, present participle, nominative/accusative singular.

Prefix: ud

Root: yam (class 1)

Note: Modifies `niśākarām`.

निशाकराम् (niśākarām) - moon (literally 'night-maker')

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of niśākara

niśākara - moon (literally 'night-maker')

Compound 'niśā' (night) + 'kara' (maker).

Compound type : tatpurusha (niśā+kara)

• niśā – night
  noun (feminine)
• kara – maker, doing
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun
  From √kṛ (to do, make).
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Accusative form of `niśākara` as an adjective, modifying `sandhyām`. The whole phrase `udyat niśākarām` means 'having the rising moon'.