योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-6, chapter-105, verse-3

सुहृद्यावेदितं दुःखं परमायाति तानवम् ।
घनं जडं कृष्णमपि मुक्तवृष्टिरिवाम्बुदः ॥ ३ ॥

suhṛdyāveditaṃ duḥkhaṃ paramāyāti tānavam ,
ghanaṃ jaḍaṃ kṛṣṇamapi muktavṛṣṭirivāmbudaḥ 3

3. suhṛdi āveditam duḥkham param āyāti tānavam
ghanam jaḍam kṛṣṇam api muktavṛṣṭiḥ iva ambudaḥ

3. suhṛdi āveditam duḥkham param tānavam āyāti
ghanam jaḍam kṛṣṇam api muktavṛṣṭiḥ ambudaḥ iva

3. Sorrow, when confided in a friend, attains great alleviation, just like a dense, heavy, and dark cloud becomes light after it has shed its rain.

Words meanings summery:

• सुहृदि (suhṛdi) - in/to a good friend, well-wisher

• आवेदितम् (āveditam) - disclosed, announced, communicated

• दुःखम् (duḥkham) - sorrow, pain, misery

• परम् (param) - supreme, excellent, great; greatly (adverbial)

• आयाति (āyāti) - comes, approaches, attains

• तानवम् (tānavam) - thinness, lightness, alleviation, decrease

• घनम् (ghanam) - dense, thick, solid, heavy

• जडम् (jaḍam) - dull, inert, cold, heavy

• कृष्णम् (kṛṣṇam) - black, dark

• अपि (api) - even, also

• मुक्तवृष्टिः (muktavṛṣṭiḥ) - one who has shed rain, having released rain

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• अम्बुदः (ambudaḥ) - cloud (lit. 'water-giver')

Words meanings and morphology

सुहृदि (suhṛdi) - in/to a good friend, well-wisher

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of suhṛd

suhṛd - good-hearted, well-wisher, friend

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (su+hṛd)

• su – good, well, excellent
  indeclinable
• hṛd – heart, mind
  noun (neuter)

आवेदितम् (āveditam) - disclosed, announced, communicated

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of āvedita

āvedita - disclosed, announced, communicated, informed

Past Passive Participle

derived from root vid with prefix ā and causative -i

Prefix: ā

Root: vid (class 10)

दुःखम् (duḥkham) - sorrow, pain, misery

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - sorrow, pain, misery, unhappiness

परम् (param) - supreme, excellent, great; greatly (adverbial)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of para

para - other, supreme, highest, excellent, subsequent

Note: Used adverbially here, meaning 'greatly'.

आयाति (āyāti) - comes, approaches, attains

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of i

present indicative, 3rd person singular

Prefix: ā

Root: i (class 2)

तानवम् (tānavam) - thinness, lightness, alleviation, decrease

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tānava

tānava - thinness, slenderness, lightness, alleviation, decrease

abstract noun from tanu

घनम् (ghanam) - dense, thick, solid, heavy

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ghana

ghana - dense, thick, solid, heavy, dark; cloud

Note: Agrees with `ambudaḥ` implicitly in the simile.

जडम् (jaḍam) - dull, inert, cold, heavy

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of jaḍa

jaḍa - dull, inert, inanimate, cold, heavy, stupid

Note: Agrees with `ambudaḥ` implicitly in the simile.

कृष्णम् (kṛṣṇam) - black, dark

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kṛṣṇa

kṛṣṇa - black, dark, dark-blue

Note: Agrees with `ambudaḥ` implicitly in the simile.

अपि (api) - even, also

(indeclinable)

मुक्तवृष्टिः (muktavṛṣṭiḥ) - one who has shed rain, having released rain

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of muktavṛṣṭi

muktavṛṣṭi - one who has shed/released rain

compound adjective, 'released rain'

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mukta+vṛṣṭi)

• mukta – released, liberated, abandoned, shed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  derived from root muc
  Root: muc (class 6)
• vṛṣṭi – rain, shower
  noun (feminine)

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

अम्बुदः (ambudaḥ) - cloud (lit. 'water-giver')

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ambuda

ambuda - cloud (lit. water-giver)

compound of ambu (water) and da (giver, from √dā)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ambu+da)

• ambu – water
  noun (neuter)
• da – giver, bestower
  noun (masculine)
  from root dā (to give)
  Root: dā (class 3)