वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-58, verse-48

अथर्षयः समुत्पत्य वानरो रवणानुजम् ।
महापार्श्वमुपागम्य तस्थौ तस्याग्रतो बली ॥४८॥

48. atharṣayaḥ samutpatya vānaro ravaṇānujam ,
mahāpārśvamupāgamya tasthau tasyāgrato balī.

48. atha ṛṣayaḥ samutpatya vānaraḥ ravaṇānujam
mahāpārśvam upāgamya tastau tasya agrataḥ balī

48. atha ṛṣayaḥ samutpatya balī vānaraḥ ravaṇānujam
mahāpārśvam upāgamya tasya agrataḥ tastau

48. Then, the sages having sprung up, the mighty monkey (vānara), having gone to Ravaṇa's younger brother (Vibhīṣaṇa) and having approached Mahāpārśva, stood in front of him (Mahāpārśva).

Words meanings summery:

• अथ (atha) - indicates the sequence of events, following Mahāpārśva's attack (then, now, thereupon)

• ऋषयः (ṛṣayaḥ) - the sages observing the battle from afar, perhaps disturbed by the intensity (sages, seers, inspired poets)

• समुत्पत्य (samutpatya) - the sages springing up, perhaps in alarm or anticipation (having sprung up, having leaped forth)

• वानरः (vānaraḥ) - a warrior from the monkey (vānara) army, likely a prominent figure (monkey, ape)

• रवणानुजम् (ravaṇānujam) - refers to Vibhīṣaṇa, who sided with Rāma and the monkeys (Ravaṇa's younger brother)

• महापार्श्वम् (mahāpārśvam) - the Rākṣasa warrior being confronted by the monkey (Mahāpārśva (proper name of a Rākṣasa))

• उपागम्य (upāgamya) - the monkey having approached both Vibhīṣaṇa and Mahāpārśva (having approached, having come near)

• तस्तौ (tastau) - the monkey stood his ground (he stood)

• तस्य (tasya) - in front of Mahāpārśva (of him, his)

• अग्रतः (agrataḥ) - in front of Mahāpārśva (in front of, before, ahead)

• बली (balī) - describing the monkey as powerful (mighty, strong, powerful)

Words meanings and morphology

अथ (atha) - indicates the sequence of events, following Mahāpārśva's attack (then, now, thereupon)

(indeclinable)

ऋषयः (ṛṣayaḥ) - the sages observing the battle from afar, perhaps disturbed by the intensity (sages, seers, inspired poets)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ṛṣi

ṛṣi - sage, seer, inspired poet, Vedic hymn author

Note: The plural subject 'ṛṣayaḥ' here is grammatically distinct from the singular 'vānaraḥ' and 'tastau'.

समुत्पत्य (samutpatya) - the sages springing up, perhaps in alarm or anticipation (having sprung up, having leaped forth)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root pat (to fall, fly) with prefixes sam and ut

Prefixes: sam+ut

Root: pat (class 1)

वानरः (vānaraḥ) - a warrior from the monkey (vānara) army, likely a prominent figure (monkey, ape)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vānara

vānara - monkey, ape

रवणानुजम् (ravaṇānujam) - refers to Vibhīṣaṇa, who sided with Rāma and the monkeys (Ravaṇa's younger brother)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ravaṇānuja

ravaṇānuja - Ravaṇa's younger brother

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (ravaṇa+anuja)

• ravaṇa – Ravaṇa (the demon king, typically spelled Rāvaṇa with long 'ā')
  proper noun (masculine)
• anuja – younger brother
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root jan (to be born) with prefix anu (after)
  Prefix: anu
  Root: jan (class 4)

महापार्श्वम् (mahāpārśvam) - the Rākṣasa warrior being confronted by the monkey (Mahāpārśva (proper name of a Rākṣasa))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mahāpārśva

mahāpārśva - Mahāpārśva (proper name of a Rākṣasa)

उपागम्य (upāgamya) - the monkey having approached both Vibhīṣaṇa and Mahāpārśva (having approached, having come near)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root gam (to go) with prefixes upa and ā

Prefixes: upa+ā

Root: gam (class 1)

तस्तौ (tastau) - the monkey stood his ground (he stood)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (Lit) of sthā

Perfect Tense

Root: sthā (class 1)

तस्य (tasya) - in front of Mahāpārśva (of him, his)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

अग्रतः (agrataḥ) - in front of Mahāpārśva (in front of, before, ahead)

(indeclinable)

बली (balī) - describing the monkey as powerful (mighty, strong, powerful)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of balin

balin - mighty, strong, powerful, vigorous

From noun 'bala' (strength) with suffix '-in'