वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-58, verse-23

तमापतन्तमुत्पत्य हनूमान्मारुतात्मजः ।
आजघान तदा मूर्ध्नि वज्रवेगेन मुष्टिना ॥२३॥

23. tamāpatantamutpatya hanūmānmārutātmajaḥ ,
ājaghāna tadā mūrdhni vajravegena muṣṭinā.

23. tam āpatantam utpatya hanūmān mārutātmajaḥ
ājaghāna tadā mūrdhni vajravegena muṣṭinā

23. Then Hanuman, the son of Māruta, leaping up, struck him (Devāntaka) on the head with a fist as forceful as a thunderbolt, as he was rushing forward.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him (Devāntaka) (him (masculine accusative singular of tad))

• आपतन्तम् (āpatantam) - rushing forward, approaching (Devāntaka) (approaching, falling upon)

• उत्पत्य (utpatya) - leaping up (having sprung up, having leaped up)

• हनूमान् (hanūmān) - Hanuman (proper noun)

• मारुतात्मजः (mārutātmajaḥ) - Hanuman, the son of Vāyu (the son of Māruta (Hanuman))

• आजघान (ājaghāna) - struck, hit

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• मूर्ध्नि (mūrdhni) - on the head

• वज्रवेगेन (vajravegena) - with the speed/force of a thunderbolt

• मुष्टिना (muṣṭinā) - with his fist (with a fist)

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him (Devāntaka) (him (masculine accusative singular of tad))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, this, it

Note: Object of the participle āpatantam.

आपतन्तम् (āpatantam) - rushing forward, approaching (Devāntaka) (approaching, falling upon)

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āpatant

āpatant - approaching, falling upon

Present Active Participle

From root √pat (to fall) with prefix ā- (towards)

Prefix: ā

Root: pat (class 1)

उत्पत्य (utpatya) - leaping up (having sprung up, having leaped up)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

From root √pat (to fly, fall) with prefix ut- (up)

Prefix: ut

Root: pat (class 1)

हनूमान् (hanūmān) - Hanuman (proper noun)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hanūmat

hanūmat - Hanuman (monkey deity)

From hanu (jaw) + mat (possessing); "having a prominent jaw".

Note: Subject of ājaghāna.

मारुतात्मजः (mārutātmajaḥ) - Hanuman, the son of Vāyu (the son of Māruta (Hanuman))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mārutātmaja

mārutātmaja - son of Māruta, son of the wind-god (Hanuman)

Compound: māruta (of Maruta/Vayu) + ātmaja (self-born, son)

Compound type : tatpurusha (māruta+ātmaja)

• māruta – relating to Maruta, wind-god Vayu
  noun (masculine)
  From Marut (wind-god) or Vayu
• ātmaja – born from oneself, son
  noun (masculine)
  Compound: ātman (self) + ja (born)
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Appositive to hanūmān.

आजघान (ājaghāna) - struck, hit

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, Perfect (Lit) of āhan

Perfect Active

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular, from root √han (to strike, kill) with prefix ā-.

Prefix: ā

Root: han (class 2)

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

From tad- + -dā (temporal suffix)

मूर्ध्नि (mūrdhni) - on the head

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of mūrdhan

mūrdhan - head, skull, summit

n-stem noun.

Note: Indicates location.

वज्रवेगेन (vajravegena) - with the speed/force of a thunderbolt

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vajravega

vajravega - speed/force of a thunderbolt

Compound: vajra (thunderbolt) + vega (speed, force)

Compound type : tatpurusha (vajra+vega)

• vajra – thunderbolt (Indra's weapon), diamond
  noun (masculine)
• vega – speed, force, impulse
  noun (masculine)
  From root √vij (to move rapidly)
  Root: vij (class 6)

Note: Describes the manner of striking.

मुष्टिना (muṣṭinā) - with his fist (with a fist)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of muṣṭi

muṣṭi - fist, handful

i-stem noun.

Note: Indicates the instrument of action.