वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-11, verse-52

आर्द्रः समांसप्रत्यग्रः क्षिप्तः कायः पुरा सखे ।
लघुः संप्रति निर्मांसस्तृणभूतश्च राघव ।
नात्र शक्यं बलं ज्ञातुं तव वा तस्य वाधिकम् ॥५२॥

52. ārdraḥ samāṃsapratyagraḥ kṣiptaḥ kāyaḥ purā sakhe ,
laghuḥ saṃprati nirmāṃsastṛṇabhūtaśca rāghava ,
nātra śakyaṃ balaṃ jñātuṃ tava vā tasya vādhikam.

52. ārdraḥ samāṃsapratyagraḥ kṣiptaḥ kāyaḥ
purā sakhe laghuḥ saṃprati nirmāṃsaḥ
tṛṇabhūtaḥ ca rāghava na atra śakyam
balam jñātum tava vā tasya vā adhikam

52. sakhe purā samāṃsapratyagraḥ ārdraḥ
kāyaḥ kṣiptaḥ rāghava saṃprati laghuḥ
nirmāṃsaḥ ca tṛṇabhūtaḥ atra tava vā
tasya vā adhikam balam jñātum na śakyam

52. O friend, formerly, his body, freshly endowed with flesh, was cast down. Now, O Rāghava, it is light, devoid of flesh, and has become like grass. Therefore, it is not possible to ascertain whose strength, yours or his, is superior here.

Words meanings summery:

• आर्द्रः (ārdraḥ) - fresh, still retaining moisture (wet, moist, fresh, tender)

• समांसप्रत्यग्रः (samāṁsapratyagraḥ) - freshly endowed with flesh, not yet decayed (fresh with flesh, having fresh flesh)

• क्षिप्तः (kṣiptaḥ) - cast down, laid low (referring to the body being struck down) (thrown, cast, discharged; pierced, injured)

• कायः (kāyaḥ) - the physical body (of Vāli) (body, heap, collection)

• पुरा (purā) - in the past (when Vāli was struck down) (formerly, previously, in ancient times)

• सखे (sakhe) - O friend (addressed to Sugrīva) (O friend)

• लघुः (laghuḥ) - light, reduced in weight (light, small, quick, insignificant)

• संप्रति (saṁprati) - now, currently (now, at present, at this moment)

• निर्मांसः (nirmāṁsaḥ) - devoid of flesh (due to decay) (without flesh, emaciated, lean)

• तृणभूतः (tṛṇabhūtaḥ) - become as light and worthless as grass (due to decay) (become like grass, reduced to grass, insignificant)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• राघव (rāghava) - O Rāghava (addressed to Rāma) (descendant of Raghu (epithet for Rāma))

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• अत्र (atra) - in this matter, in this situation (here, in this place, in this matter)

• शक्यम् (śakyam) - possible (to ascertain) (possible, able, capable of)

• बलम् (balam) - physical strength (strength, power, force, might)

• ज्ञातुम् (jñātum) - to ascertain, to determine (to know, to ascertain, to understand)

• तव (tava) - your (strength) (your, of you)

• वा (vā) - or (or, either...or)

• तस्य (tasya) - his (Vāli's strength) (his, of him, its)

• वा (vā) - or (or, either...or)

• अधिकम् (adhikam) - superior, greater (strength) (greater, superior, excessive, abundant)

Words meanings and morphology

आर्द्रः (ārdraḥ) - fresh, still retaining moisture (wet, moist, fresh, tender)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ārdra

ārdra - wet, moist, fresh, tender, juicy

Note: modifies 'kāyaḥ'

समांसप्रत्यग्रः (samāṁsapratyagraḥ) - freshly endowed with flesh, not yet decayed (fresh with flesh, having fresh flesh)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of samāṃsapratyagra

samāṁsapratyagra - fresh with flesh

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+māṃsa+pratyagra)

• sa – with, together with
  indeclinable
• māṃsa – flesh, meat
  noun (neuter)
• pratyagra – fresh, new, recent, just arrived
  adjective (masculine)
  Prefix: prati

Note: modifies 'kāyaḥ'

क्षिप्तः (kṣiptaḥ) - cast down, laid low (referring to the body being struck down) (thrown, cast, discharged; pierced, injured)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṣipta

kṣipta - thrown, cast, discharged, sent; despised, neglected; pierced, injured

Past Passive Participle

derived from root kṣip (throw) with suffix -ta

Root: kṣip (class 6)

Note: modifies 'kāyaḥ'

कायः (kāyaḥ) - the physical body (of Vāli) (body, heap, collection)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kāya

kāya - body, heap, collection; group of elements

Note: subject of the implied verb

पुरा (purā) - in the past (when Vāli was struck down) (formerly, previously, in ancient times)

(indeclinable)

Note: adverb of time

सखे (sakhe) - O friend (addressed to Sugrīva) (O friend)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of sakhi

sakhi - friend, companion, ally

लघुः (laghuḥ) - light, reduced in weight (light, small, quick, insignificant)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of laghu

laghu - light, small, short, quick, insignificant

Note: modifies 'kāyaḥ' (implied)

संप्रति (saṁprati) - now, currently (now, at present, at this moment)

(indeclinable)

Note: adverb of time

निर्मांसः (nirmāṁsaḥ) - devoid of flesh (due to decay) (without flesh, emaciated, lean)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nirmāṃsa

nirmāṁsa - without flesh, emaciated, lean

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (nir+māṃsa)

• nir – without, out, free from
  indeclinable
• māṃsa – flesh, meat
  noun (neuter)

Note: modifies 'kāyaḥ' (implied)

तृणभूतः (tṛṇabhūtaḥ) - become as light and worthless as grass (due to decay) (become like grass, reduced to grass, insignificant)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tṛṇabhūta

tṛṇabhūta - become like grass, reduced to grass, insignificant

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (tṛṇa+bhūta)

• tṛṇa – grass, straw, blade of grass
  noun (neuter)
• bhūta – become, been, existing; being, creature
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  derived from root bhū (to be, become) with suffix -ta
  Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: modifies 'kāyaḥ' (implied)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: conjunction

राघव (rāghava) - O Rāghava (addressed to Rāma) (descendant of Raghu (epithet for Rāma))

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rāghava

rāghava - descendant of Raghu; an epithet of Rāma

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: negation particle

अत्र (atra) - in this matter, in this situation (here, in this place, in this matter)

(indeclinable)

शक्यम् (śakyam) - possible (to ascertain) (possible, able, capable of)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śakya

śakya - possible, able, capable of; practicable

Gerundive/Future Passive Participle

derived from root śak (to be able) with suffix -ya

Root: śak (class 5)

Note: predicates possibility in an impersonal construction

बलम् (balam) - physical strength (strength, power, force, might)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of bala

bala - strength, power, force, might; army; offering, tribute

Note: subject of the impersonal verb 'jñātum śakyam'

ज्ञातुम् (jñātum) - to ascertain, to determine (to know, to ascertain, to understand)

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

derived from root jñā (to know) with suffix -tum

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: infinitive used with 'śakyam'

तव (tava) - your (strength) (your, of you)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: possessive pronoun referring to Rāma

वा (vā) - or (or, either...or)

(indeclinable)

तस्य (tasya) - his (Vāli's strength) (his, of him, its)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: possessive pronoun referring to Vāli

वा (vā) - or (or, either...or)

(indeclinable)

अधिकम् (adhikam) - superior, greater (strength) (greater, superior, excessive, abundant)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of adhika

adhika - greater, superior, excessive, abundant, superfluous

Note: predicate adjective modifying 'balam'