वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-11, verse-38

विषाणयोर्गृहीत्वा तं दुन्दुभिं गिरिसंनिभम् ।
वाली व्यापातयां चक्रे ननर्द च महास्वनम् ॥३८॥

38. viṣāṇayorgṛhītvā taṃ dundubhiṃ girisaṃnibham ,
vālī vyāpātayāṃ cakre nanarda ca mahāsvanam.

38. viṣāṇayoḥ gṛhītvā tam dundubhim girisaṃnibham
| vālī vyāpātayām cakre nanarda ca mahāsvanam

38. vālī tam girisaṃnibham dundubhim viṣāṇayoḥ gṛhītvā,
vyāpātayām cakre ca mahāsvanam nanarda

38. Vali, having seized that mountain-like Dundubhi by his horns, threw him down and roared with a great sound.

Words meanings summery:

• विषाणयोः (viṣāṇayoḥ) - by the horns (dual sense) (of the two horns, by the two horns)

• गृहीत्वा (gṛhītvā) - having seized (having seized, having taken, having caught)

• तम् (tam) - him (Dundubhi) (him, that (masculine accusative singular))

• दुन्दुभिम् (dundubhim) - Dundubhi (the demon) (drum, war-drum, Dundubhi (name of a demon))

• गिरिसंनिभम् (girisaṁnibham) - mountain-like (describing Dundubhi) (mountain-like, resembling a mountain)

• वाली (vālī) - Vali (Vali (name of a monkey king))

• व्यापातयाम् (vyāpātayām) - causing to fall, throwing down (as part of a periphrastic perfect) (causing to fall, throwing down)

• चक्रे (cakre) - he did (auxiliary for periphrastic perfect) (he did, he made (perfect of kṛ))

• ननर्द (nanarda) - he roared (he roared, he made a noise)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• महास्वनम् (mahāsvanam) - with a great sound (with a great sound, having a great sound)

Words meanings and morphology

विषाणयोः (viṣāṇayoḥ) - by the horns (dual sense) (of the two horns, by the two horns)

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, dual of viṣāṇa

viṣāṇa - horn

Note: Grammatically genitive/locative, but functions as instrumental 'by the horns' due to verb gṛhītvā.

गृहीत्वा (gṛhītvā) - having seized (having seized, having taken, having caught)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root grah (to seize) + ktvā (absolutive suffix).

Root: grah (class 9)

Note: Acts as a non-finite verb.

तम् (tam) - him (Dundubhi) (him, that (masculine accusative singular))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

दुन्दुभिम् (dundubhim) - Dundubhi (the demon) (drum, war-drum, Dundubhi (name of a demon))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dundubhi

dundubhi - drum, war-drum; name of a demon (who was a buffalo in a previous birth)

Note: Object of gṛhītvā and vyāpātayām cakre.

गिरिसंनिभम् (girisaṁnibham) - mountain-like (describing Dundubhi) (mountain-like, resembling a mountain)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of girisaṃnibha

girisaṁnibha - mountain-like, resembling a mountain

Compound type : upama-tatpuruṣa (giri+saṃnibha)

• giri – mountain, hill
  noun (masculine)
• saṃnibha – resembling, like, similar to
  adjective (masculine)
  From sam + nipa (look, appear)
  Prefixes: sam+ni
  Root: bhā (class 2)

Note: Modifies dundubhim.

वाली (vālī) - Vali (Vali (name of a monkey king))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vālin

vālin - Vali (name of a monkey king, son of Indra)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

व्यापातयाम् (vyāpātayām) - causing to fall, throwing down (as part of a periphrastic perfect) (causing to fall, throwing down)

(noun)

Accusative, singular of vyāpātaya

vyāpātaya - to cause to fall, to throw down, to hurl

Causative stem (from vi + ā + pat)

Causative stem of vi-ā-pat. The form vyāpātayām is often considered a noun form (acc. sg.) used with cakre to form a periphrastic perfect.

Prefixes: vi+ā

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Used with cakre for the perfect tense.

चक्रे (cakre) - he did (auxiliary for periphrastic perfect) (he did, he made (perfect of kṛ))

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, perfect (liṭ) of kṛ

Perfect Indicative, 3rd person singular

From root kṛ (to do), Atmanepada, Perfect tense, 3rd person singular. Used as an auxiliary verb in periphrastic perfect constructions.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Functions as an auxiliary.

ननर्द (nanarda) - he roared (he roared, he made a noise)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of nard

Perfect Indicative, 3rd person singular

From root nard (to roar), Parasmaipada, Perfect tense, 3rd person singular.

Root: nard (class 1)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

महास्वनम् (mahāsvanam) - with a great sound (with a great sound, having a great sound)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mahāsvana

mahāsvana - having a great sound, loud, roaring

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+svana)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective (feminine)
• svana – sound, noise, roar
  noun (masculine)
  From root svan (to sound, to roar)
  Root: svan (class 1)

Note: Functions adverbially here.