वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-11, verse-37

तमेवमुक्त्वा संक्रुद्धो मालामुत्क्षिप्य काञ्चनीम् ।
पित्रा दत्तां महेन्द्रेण युद्धाय व्यवतिष्ठत ॥३७॥

37. tamevamuktvā saṃkruddho mālāmutkṣipya kāñcanīm ,
pitrā dattāṃ mahendreṇa yuddhāya vyavatiṣṭhata.

37. tam evam uktvā saṃkruddhaḥ mālām utkṣipya kāñcanīm
| pitrā dattām mahendreṇa yuddhāya vyavatiṣṭhata

37. saṃkruddhaḥ tam evam uktvā,
pitrā mahendreṇa dattām kāñcanīm mālām utkṣipya,
yuddhāya vyavatiṣṭhata

37. Having spoken thus to him, greatly enraged, [Vali] threw up the golden garland which had been given to him by his father, Mahendra (Indra), and stood ready for battle.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him (Dundubhi) (him, that (masculine accusative singular))

• एवम् (evam) - thus (thus, so, in this way)

• उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having spoken (having said, having spoken)

• संक्रुद्धः (saṁkruddhaḥ) - greatly enraged (Vali) (greatly enraged, furious)

• मालाम् (mālām) - the garland (garland, wreath)

• उत्क्षिप्य (utkṣipya) - having thrown up (having thrown up, having cast up, having raised)

• काञ्चनीम् (kāñcanīm) - golden (golden, made of gold)

• पित्रा (pitrā) - by his father (Indra) (by the father)

• दत्ताम् (dattām) - given (the garland) (given)

• महेन्द्रेण (mahendreṇa) - by Mahendra (Indra, the father of Vali) (by Mahendra (a name for Indra), by a great Indra)

• युद्धाय (yuddhāya) - for battle (for battle, for war)

• व्यवतिष्ठत (vyavatiṣṭhata) - he stood ready (for battle) (he stood forth, he prepared himself, he took a stand)

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him (Dundubhi) (him, that (masculine accusative singular))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

एवम् (evam) - thus (thus, so, in this way)

(indeclinable)

उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having spoken (having said, having spoken)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root vac (to speak) + ktvā (absolutive suffix). Initial 'v' changes to 'u' in some forms.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Acts as a non-finite verb.

संक्रुद्धः (saṁkruddhaḥ) - greatly enraged (Vali) (greatly enraged, furious)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃkruddha

saṁkruddha - greatly enraged, furious, highly provoked

Past Passive Participle

From sam + krudh (to be angry) + kta (P.P.P suffix)

Prefix: sam

Root: krudh (class 4)

Note: Refers to the subject (Vali).

मालाम् (mālām) - the garland (garland, wreath)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of mālā

mālā - garland, wreath, necklace, row, series

उत्क्षिप्य (utkṣipya) - having thrown up (having thrown up, having cast up, having raised)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From ut + kṣip (to throw) + ya (absolutive suffix when prefixed).

Prefix: ut

Root: kṣip (class 6)

Note: Acts as a non-finite verb.

काञ्चनीम् (kāñcanīm) - golden (golden, made of gold)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of kāñcanī

kāñcanī - golden, made of gold

Feminine form of kāñcana (golden)

पित्रा (pitrā) - by his father (Indra) (by the father)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of pitṛ

pitṛ - father

दत्ताम् (dattām) - given (the garland) (given)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of datta

datta - given, granted

Past Passive Participle

From root dā (to give) + kta (P.P.P suffix)

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Acts as a participle modifying mālām.

महेन्द्रेण (mahendreṇa) - by Mahendra (Indra, the father of Vali) (by Mahendra (a name for Indra), by a great Indra)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of mahendra

mahendra - Mahendra (an epithet for Indra), great Indra

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+indra)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective (feminine)
• indra – Indra (name of a Vedic deity), chief, lord
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to Indra.

युद्धाय (yuddhāya) - for battle (for battle, for war)

(noun)

Dative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, war, fight

From root yudh (to fight) + kta (P.P.P suffix) as a noun.

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Expresses purpose.

व्यवतिष्ठत (vyavatiṣṭhata) - he stood ready (for battle) (he stood forth, he prepared himself, he took a stand)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, imperfect (laṅ) of vi-ava-sthā

Imperfect Indicative, 3rd person singular

From vi + ava + sthā (to stand). Imperfect (luṅ), 3rd person singular, middle voice. The 'a' augment is present. 'vy' is sandhi of 'vi' + 'ava'. Root sthā is 1st class.

Prefixes: vi+ava

Root: sthā (class 1)