वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-11, verse-39

युद्धे प्राणहरे तस्मिन्निष्पिष्टो दुन्दुभिस्तदा ।
श्रोत्राभ्यामथ रक्तं तु तस्य सुस्राव पात्यतः ।
पपात च महाकायः क्षितौ पञ्चत्वमागतः ॥३९॥

39. yuddhe prāṇahare tasminniṣpiṣṭo dundubhistadā ,
śrotrābhyāmatha raktaṃ tu tasya susrāva pātyataḥ ,
papāta ca mahākāyaḥ kṣitau pañcatvamāgataḥ.

39. yuddhe prāṇahare tasmin niṣpiṣṭaḥ
dundubhiḥ tadā | śrotrābhyām atha raktam
tu tasya susrāva pātyataḥ | papāta
ca mahākāyaḥ kṣitau pañcatvam āgataḥ

39. tadā tasmin prāṇahare yuddhe,
niṣpiṣṭaḥ dundubhiḥ,
pātyataḥ tasya śrotrābhyām atha raktam tu susrāva ca mahākāyaḥ pañcatvam āgataḥ kṣitau papāta

39. Then, in that deadly battle, Dundubhi, having been crushed, at that moment, as he was being thrown, blood flowed from his ears. And that huge-bodied [demon], having reached the state of the five elements (i.e., having died), fell upon the ground.

Words meanings summery:

• युद्धे (yuddhe) - in the battle (in battle, in war)

• प्राणहरे (prāṇahare) - deadly (life-taking, deadly, destroying life)

• तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that (battle) (in that, on that)

• निष्पिष्टः (niṣpiṣṭaḥ) - crushed (Dundubhi) (crushed, pounded, pressed down)

• दुन्दुभिः (dundubhiḥ) - Dundubhi (the demon) (drum, war-drum, Dundubhi (name of a demon))

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that moment (then, at that time, at that moment)

• श्रोत्राभ्याम् (śrotrābhyām) - from his two ears (by/from the two ears)

• अथ (atha) - then, thereupon (then, now, thereupon)

• रक्तम् (raktam) - blood (blood, red, passionate)

• तु (tu) - indeed, but (but, on the other hand, indeed)

• तस्य (tasya) - his (of Dundubhi) (his, of him, of that)

• सुस्राव (susrāva) - flowed (flowed, trickled down)

• पात्यतः (pātyataḥ) - as he was being thrown (of him being caused to fall, from him being thrown)

• पपात (papāta) - he fell (he fell, he dropped)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• महाकायः (mahākāyaḥ) - huge-bodied (Dundubhi) (huge-bodied, gigantic)

• क्षितौ (kṣitau) - on the ground (on the earth, on the ground)

• पञ्चत्वम् (pañcatvam) - the state of the five elements (death) (the state of five, the state of the five elements, death)

• आगतः (āgataḥ) - having attained (come, arrived, attained)

Words meanings and morphology

युद्धे (yuddhe) - in the battle (in battle, in war)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, war, fight

From root yudh (to fight) + kta (P.P.P suffix) as a noun.

Root: yudh (class 4)

प्राणहरे (prāṇahare) - deadly (life-taking, deadly, destroying life)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of prāṇahara

prāṇahara - life-taking, deadly, destroying life

From prāṇa (life) + hara (taking, seizing). Derived from hṛ (to take, seize).

Compound type : upapada-tatpuruṣa (prāṇa+hara)

• prāṇa – life, vital breath, spirit
  noun (masculine)
• hara – taking, seizing, carrying off, destroyer
  noun (masculine)
  From root hṛ (to take, seize)
  Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Modifies yuddhe.

तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that (battle) (in that, on that)

(pronoun)

Locative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Adjective for yuddhe.

निष्पिष्टः (niṣpiṣṭaḥ) - crushed (Dundubhi) (crushed, pounded, pressed down)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of niṣpiṣṭa

niṣpiṣṭa - crushed, pounded, ground down, annihilated

Past Passive Participle

From ni + piṣ (to grind, to crush) + kta (P.P.P suffix).

Prefix: ni

Root: piṣ (class 7)

Note: Participle functioning adjectivally.

दुन्दुभिः (dundubhiḥ) - Dundubhi (the demon) (drum, war-drum, Dundubhi (name of a demon))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dundubhi

dundubhi - drum, war-drum; name of a demon (who was a buffalo in a previous birth)

Note: Subject of susrāva and papāta.

तदा (tadā) - then, at that moment (then, at that time, at that moment)

(indeclinable)

श्रोत्राभ्याम् (śrotrābhyām) - from his two ears (by/from the two ears)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, dual of śrotra

śrotra - ear, organ of hearing

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Indicates the source of flowing blood.

अथ (atha) - then, thereupon (then, now, thereupon)

(indeclinable)

रक्तम् (raktam) - blood (blood, red, passionate)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of rakta

rakta - blood, red, dyed, passionate, attached

From root rañj (to color, dye) + kta (P.P.P suffix), noun use.

Root: rañj (class 1)

Note: Subject of susrāva.

तु (tu) - indeed, but (but, on the other hand, indeed)

(indeclinable)

तस्य (tasya) - his (of Dundubhi) (his, of him, of that)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Possessive pronoun.

सुस्राव (susrāva) - flowed (flowed, trickled down)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of sru

Perfect Indicative, 3rd person singular

From root sru (to flow), Parasmaipada, Perfect tense, 3rd person singular.

Root: sru (class 1)

Note: Subject is raktam.

पात्यतः (pātyataḥ) - as he was being thrown (of him being caused to fall, from him being thrown)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of pātyat

pātyat - causing to fall, throwing down (present participle of causative)

Present Passive Participle (causative)

From causative stem pātaya (from pat, to fall), passive form with -at suffix. Genitive/Ablative singular masculine.

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Functions adverbially, indicating the circumstance.

पपात (papāta) - he fell (he fell, he dropped)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of pat

Perfect Indicative, 3rd person singular

From root pat (to fall), Parasmaipada, Perfect tense, 3rd person singular.

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Subject is dundubhiḥ (implied by mahākāyaḥ).

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

महाकायः (mahākāyaḥ) - huge-bodied (Dundubhi) (huge-bodied, gigantic)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahākāya

mahākāya - huge-bodied, gigantic, colossal

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+kāya)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective (feminine)
• kāya – body, collection, group
  noun (masculine)

Note: Predicate adjective for Dundubhi.

क्षितौ (kṣitau) - on the ground (on the earth, on the ground)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of kṣiti

kṣiti - earth, ground, dwelling, destruction

Note: Indicates location.

पञ्चत्वम् (pañcatvam) - the state of the five elements (death) (the state of five, the state of the five elements, death)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pañcatva

pañcatva - the state of five; dissolution into the five elements (earth, water, fire, air, ether), i.e., death

From pañcan (five) + tva (suffix for abstract noun).

Note: Idiomatic expression for death.

आगतः (āgataḥ) - having attained (come, arrived, attained)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āgata

āgata - come, arrived, attained, reached

Past Passive Participle

From ā + gam (to go) + kta (P.P.P suffix).

Prefix: ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Participle, indicates completion of action before papāta.