वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-11, verse-14

तं भीतमिति विज्ञाय समुद्रमसुरोत्तमः ।
हिमवद्वनमागच्छच्छरश्चापादिव च्युतः ॥१४॥

14. taṃ bhītamiti vijñāya samudramasurottamaḥ ,
himavadvanamāgacchaccharaścāpādiva cyutaḥ.

14. tam bhītam iti vijñāya samudram asurottamaḥ
himavadvanaṃ āgacchat śaraḥ cāpāt iva cyutaḥ

14. asurottamaḥ tam samudram bhītam iti vijñāya,
śaraḥ cāpāt iva cyutaḥ,
himavadvanaṃ āgacchat

14. Having understood that the ocean was terrified, the chief of the asuras (demons) hastened to Himavat's forest, like an arrow released from a bow.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - referring to the ocean (samudram) (him, that)

• भीतम् (bhītam) - in a state of fear (frightened, terrified)

• इति (iti) - marks the perception of a state (thus, in this manner, so)

• विज्ञाय (vijñāya) - after realizing or perceiving the state of terror (having known, having understood, having perceived)

• समुद्रम् (samudram) - the personified ocean deity (ocean, sea)

• असुरोत्तमः (asurottamaḥ) - referring to the leader of the demon race (chief of asuras, best of demons)

• हिमवद्वनं (himavadvanaṁ) - the forested regions of the Himalayan mountain range (Himavat's forest, the forest of the Himalayas)

• आगच्छत् (āgacchat) - arrived quickly (came, went)

• शरः (śaraḥ) - a projectile shot from a bow (arrow)

• चापात् (cāpāt) - originating from a bow (from a bow)

• इव (iva) - introduces a comparison or simile (like, as if, similar to)

• च्युतः (cyutaḥ) - released or shot from the bow (fallen, released, dropped)

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - referring to the ocean (samudram) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Acts as a demonstrative for `samudram`.

भीतम् (bhītam) - in a state of fear (frightened, terrified)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhīta

bhīta - frightened, scared, terrified

Past Passive Participle

From root bhī (to fear) + kta (suffix for PPP)

Root: bhī (class 3)

Note: Agrees with `tam` and `samudram`.

इति (iti) - marks the perception of a state (thus, in this manner, so)

(indeclinable)

विज्ञाय (vijñāya) - after realizing or perceiving the state of terror (having known, having understood, having perceived)

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

From vi- + jñā (to know) + lyap (suffix for absolutive when prefixed)

Prefix: vi

Root: jñā (class 9)

समुद्रम् (samudram) - the personified ocean deity (ocean, sea)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of samudra

samudra - ocean, sea

Note: Direct object of `vijñāya`, in apposition with `tam`.

असुरोत्तमः (asurottamaḥ) - referring to the leader of the demon race (chief of asuras, best of demons)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of asurottama

asurottama - best of asuras, chief of demons

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (asura+uttama)

• asura – demon, titan, anti-god
  noun (masculine)
• uttama – best, highest, supreme
  adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)
  Prefix: ut

Note: Subject of the main verb `āgacchat`.

हिमवद्वनं (himavadvanaṁ) - the forested regions of the Himalayan mountain range (Himavat's forest, the forest of the Himalayas)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of himavadvana

himavadvana - forest of Himavat/Himalayas

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (himavat+vana)

• himavat – Himavat (the Himalayas), snowy
  proper noun (masculine)
• vana – forest, wood, grove
  noun (neuter)

Note: Object of motion for `āgacchat`.

आगच्छत् (āgacchat) - arrived quickly (came, went)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of āgam

imperfect

Imperfect 3rd person singular active, from ā- + gam (to go)

Prefix: ā

Root: gam (class 1)

शरः (śaraḥ) - a projectile shot from a bow (arrow)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śara

śara - arrow, reed, water

Note: Part of the simile: 'like an arrow'.

चापात् (cāpāt) - originating from a bow (from a bow)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of cāpa

cāpa - bow, arc

Note: Indicates origin, 'from the bow'.

इव (iva) - introduces a comparison or simile (like, as if, similar to)

(indeclinable)

च्युतः (cyutaḥ) - released or shot from the bow (fallen, released, dropped)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of cyuta

cyuta - fallen, dropped, dislodged, released

Past Passive Participle

From root cyu (to move, fall, drop) + kta (suffix for PPP)

Root: cyu (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `śaraḥ`.