वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-98, verse-58

चतुर्णामाश्रमाणां हि गार्हस्थ्यं श्रेष्ठमाश्रमम् ।
आहुर्धर्मज्ञ धर्मज्ञास्तं कथं त्यक्तुमर्हसि ॥५८॥

58. caturṇāmāśramāṇāṃ hi gārhasthyaṃ śreṣṭhamāśramam ,
āhurdharmajña dharmajñāstaṃ kathaṃ tyaktumarhasi.

58. caturṇām āśramāṇām hi gārhasthyam śreṣṭham āśramam
āhuḥ dharmajña dharmajñāḥ tam katham tyaktum arhasi

58. dharmajña,
dharmajñāḥ hi caturṇām āśramāṇām gārhasthyam śreṣṭham āśramam āhuḥ.
tam katham tyaktum arhasi?

58. O knower of natural law (dharma), those who understand natural law (dharma) declare the householder stage (āśrama) to be indeed the best of the four stages of life (āśrama). How, then, can you abandon it?

Words meanings summery:

• चतुर्णाम् (caturṇām) - of the four

• आश्रमाणाम् (āśramāṇām) - of the stages of life, of the āśramas

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, certainly

• गार्हस्थ्यम् (gārhasthyam) - the householder state, householder life

• श्रेष्ठम् (śreṣṭham) - best, most excellent

• आश्रमम् (āśramam) - stage of life, āśrama

• आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say, they declare

• धर्मज्ञ (dharmajña) - O knower of natural law (dharma)

• धर्मज्ञाः (dharmajñāḥ) - knowers of natural law (dharma)

• तम् (tam) - that (masculine singular accusative)

• कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

• त्यक्तुम् (tyaktum) - to abandon, to renounce

• अर्हसि (arhasi) - you are able, you ought, you deserve

Words meanings and morphology

चतुर्णाम् (caturṇām) - of the four

(adjective)

Genitive, plural of catur

catur - four

आश्रमाणाम् (āśramāṇām) - of the stages of life, of the āśramas

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of āśrama

āśrama - stage of life, hermitage, religious order

Note: āśrama (stage of life)

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, certainly

(indeclinable)

गार्हस्थ्यम् (gārhasthyam) - the householder state, householder life

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of gārhasthya

gārhasthya - householder state, domestic life

derived from gṛhastha (householder)

श्रेष्ठम् (śreṣṭham) - best, most excellent

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śreṣṭha

śreṣṭha - best, chief, excellent, superior

आश्रमम् (āśramam) - stage of life, āśrama

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āśrama

āśrama - stage of life, hermitage, religious order

Note: āśrama (stage of life)

आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say, they declare

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of ah

irregular perfect form of root bru

Root: bru (class 2)

धर्मज्ञ (dharmajña) - O knower of natural law (dharma)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of dharmajña

dharmajña - knower of dharma, righteous

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+jña)

• dharma – natural law, duty, righteousness, constitution
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• jña – knowing, knower
  adjective
  derived from root jñā
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: dharma (natural law)

धर्मज्ञाः (dharmajñāḥ) - knowers of natural law (dharma)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dharmajña

dharmajña - knower of dharma, righteous

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+jña)

• dharma – natural law, duty, righteousness, constitution
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• jña – knowing, knower
  adjective
  derived from root jñā
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: dharma (natural law)

तम् (tam) - that (masculine singular accusative)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

(indeclinable)

त्यक्तुम् (tyaktum) - to abandon, to renounce

(indeclinable)

infinitive

infinitive formed with -tum suffix

Root: tyaj (class 1)

अर्हसि (arhasi) - you are able, you ought, you deserve

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of arh

Root: arh (class 1)