वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-98, verse-23

नन्दन्त्युदित आदित्ये नन्दन्त्यस्तमिते रवौ ।
आत्मनो नावबुध्यन्ते मनुष्या जीवितक्षयम् ॥२३॥

23. nandantyudita āditye nandantyastamite ravau ,
ātmano nāvabudhyante manuṣyā jīvitakṣayam.

23. nandanti udite āditye nandanti astamite ravau
ātmanaḥ na avabudhyante manuṣyāḥ jīvitakṣayam

23. manuṣyāḥ āditye udite nandanti ravau astamite
nandanti te ātmanaḥ jīvitakṣayam na avabudhyante

23. People rejoice when the sun rises and they rejoice when the sun sets. Yet, they do not understand the diminishment of their own life (ātman).

Words meanings summery:

• नन्दन्ति (nandanti) - they rejoice, they are happy

• उदिते (udite) - when it has risen (part of locative absolute construction) (risen, ascended, appeared)

• आदित्ये (āditye) - when the sun (part of locative absolute construction) (in/on the sun (āditya))

• नन्दन्ति (nandanti) - they rejoice, they are happy

• अस्तमिते (astamite) - when it has set (part of locative absolute construction) (set, gone down)

• रवौ (ravau) - when the sun (part of locative absolute construction) (in/on the sun)

• आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of their own life (of the self, of one's own, of the spirit (ātman))

• न (na) - not

• अवबुध्यन्ते (avabudhyante) - they understand, they comprehend

• मनुष्याः (manuṣyāḥ) - humans, people

• जीवितक्षयम् (jīvitakṣayam) - the decay of life, the loss of life

Words meanings and morphology

नन्दन्ति (nandanti) - they rejoice, they are happy

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of nand

Present Tense, 3rd Person Plural, Active Voice

Root: nand (class 1)

उदिते (udite) - when it has risen (part of locative absolute construction) (risen, ascended, appeared)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of udita

udita - risen, ascended, appeared, spoken

Past Passive Participle

From ud-i 'to rise'

Prefix: ud

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Used in a locative absolute construction.

आदित्ये (āditye) - when the sun (part of locative absolute construction) (in/on the sun (āditya))

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of āditya

āditya - the sun, a son of Aditi, a god

Note: Used in a locative absolute construction.

नन्दन्ति (nandanti) - they rejoice, they are happy

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of nand

Present Tense, 3rd Person Plural, Active Voice

Root: nand (class 1)

अस्तमिते (astamite) - when it has set (part of locative absolute construction) (set, gone down)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of astamita

astamita - set, disappeared, gone home

Past Passive Participle

From astam-i 'to set, go home'

Prefix: astam

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Used in a locative absolute construction.

रवौ (ravau) - when the sun (part of locative absolute construction) (in/on the sun)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of ravi

ravi - the sun, sun god

Note: Used in a locative absolute construction.

आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of their own life (of the self, of one's own, of the spirit (ātman))

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, essence, life

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

अवबुध्यन्ते (avabudhyante) - they understand, they comprehend

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of avabudh

Present Tense, 3rd Person Plural, Middle Voice

From ava-budh 'to know, understand'

Prefix: ava

Root: budh (class 1)

मनुष्याः (manuṣyāḥ) - humans, people

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of manuṣya

manuṣya - human being, man

जीवितक्षयम् (jīvitakṣayam) - the decay of life, the loss of life

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of jīvitakṣaya

jīvitakṣaya - destruction of life, loss of life

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (jīvita+kṣaya)

• jīvita – life, livelihood, living
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle (substantivized)
  From root jīv 'to live'
  Root: jīv (class 1)
• kṣaya – decay, destruction, loss, end
  noun (masculine)
  From root kṣi 'to diminish, destroy'
  Root: kṣi (class 5)