वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-98, verse-36

एते बहुविधाः शोका विलाप रुदिते तथा ।
वर्जनीया हि धीरेण सर्वावस्थासु धीमता ॥३६॥

36. ete bahuvidhāḥ śokā vilāpa rudite tathā ,
varjanīyā hi dhīreṇa sarvāvasthāsu dhīmatā.

36. ete bahuvidhāḥ śokāḥ vilāpa rudite tathā
varjanīyāḥ hi dhīreṇa sarvāvasthāsu dhīmatā

36. hi ete bahuvidhāḥ śokāḥ vilāpa tathā rudite,
sarvāvasthāsu dhīreṇa dhīmatā varjanīyāḥ

36. These various kinds of griefs (śoka), lamentation, and weeping must indeed be avoided by a steadfast and intelligent person in all circumstances.

Words meanings summery:

• एते (ete) - these (sorrows, lamentation, weeping) (these)

• बहुविधाः (bahuvidhāḥ) - various kinds of (manifold, of many kinds)

• शोकाः (śokāḥ) - griefs (śoka) (sorrows, griefs)

• विलाप (vilāpa) - lamentation (lamentation, weeping, wailing)

• रुदिते (rudite) - weeping (weeping, crying)

• तथा (tathā) - and (and, likewise, similarly)

• वर्जनीयाः (varjanīyāḥ) - must be avoided (to be avoided, ought to be shunned)

• हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, for, because)

• धीरेण (dhīreṇa) - by a steadfast person (by the firm-minded, by the resolute, by the wise)

• सर्वावस्थासु (sarvāvasthāsu) - in all circumstances (in all situations, in all states)

• धीमता (dhīmatā) - by an intelligent person (by the intelligent, by the wise)

Words meanings and morphology

एते (ete) - these (sorrows, lamentation, weeping) (these)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of etad

etad - this, these

Note: Refers to the list of negative emotions

बहुविधाः (bahuvidhāḥ) - various kinds of (manifold, of many kinds)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bahuvidha

bahuvidha - manifold, of many kinds, various

Compound of 'bahu' (many) and 'vidha' (kind).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (bahu+vidha)

• bahu – many, much
  adjective (masculine)
• vidha – kind, sort, manner
  noun (masculine)
  From root √dhā 'to place' with prefix vi-

Note: Agrees with 'śokāḥ'

शोकाः (śokāḥ) - griefs (śoka) (sorrows, griefs)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śoka

śoka - sorrow, grief, lamentation

Derived from root √śuc (to grieve).

Root: śuc (class 1)

Note: Subject (to be avoided)

विलाप (vilāpa) - lamentation (lamentation, weeping, wailing)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vilāpa

vilāpa - lamentation, weeping, wailing

Derived from vi- + root √lap (to speak).

Prefix: vi

Root: lap (class 1)

Note: Subject (to be avoided), acts as part of a list

रुदिते (rudite) - weeping (weeping, crying)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, dual of rudita

rudita - weeping, crying, lamentation

Past Passive Participle (often used as noun)

Derived from root √rud (to cry) + suffix -ta.

Root: rud (class 2)

Note: Subject (to be avoided), acts as part of a list

तथा (tathā) - and (and, likewise, similarly)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects items in a list

वर्जनीयाः (varjanīyāḥ) - must be avoided (to be avoided, ought to be shunned)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of varjanīya

varjanīya - to be avoided, to be shunned, to be given up

Gerundive (Passive Future Participle)

Derived from root √vṛj (to avoid, abandon) + suffix -anīya.

Root: vṛj (class 1)

Note: Predicate adjective, agrees with 'śokāḥ' (and implicitly the other listed items)

हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, for, because)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle

धीरेण (dhīreṇa) - by a steadfast person (by the firm-minded, by the resolute, by the wise)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of dhīra

dhīra - firm, resolute, wise, patient, calm

Note: Agent in passive construction

सर्वावस्थासु (sarvāvasthāsu) - in all circumstances (in all situations, in all states)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, plural of sarvāvasthā

sarvāvasthā - all situations, all states, every condition

Compound of 'sarva' (all) and 'avasthā' (state, condition).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sarva+avasthā)

• sarva – all, every, whole
  adjective (masculine)
• avasthā – state, condition, situation
  noun (feminine)
  Derived from ava- + root √sthā (to stand).
  Prefix: ava
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Adverbial usage

धीमता (dhīmatā) - by an intelligent person (by the intelligent, by the wise)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of dhīmat

dhīmat - intelligent, wise, clever

Derived from 'dhī' (intellect, thought) + -mat (possessive suffix).

Note: Agrees with 'dhīreṇa', also acts as agent