वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-98, verse-37

स स्वस्थो भव मा शोचो यात्वा चावस तां पुरीम् ।
तथा पित्रा नियुक्तो ऽसि वशिना वदताम्व् वर ॥३७॥

37. sa svastho bhava mā śoco yātvā cāvasa tāṃ purīm ,
tathā pitrā niyukto'si vaśinā vadatāmv vara.

37. sa svasthaḥ bhava mā śocaḥ yātvā ca āvas tām
purīm tathā pitrā niyuktaḥ asi vaśinā vadatām vara

37. sa svasthaḥ bhava,
mā śocaḥ.
ca yātvā tām purīm āvas.
tathā (hi) vaśinā vadatām vara pitrā (tvam) niyuktaḥ asi.

37. Be composed, do not grieve. Go and dwell in that city, for you have been thus instructed by your self-controlled (vaśin) father, the best of speakers.

Words meanings summery:

• स (sa) - (particle marking the implied subject 'you' for the imperative verbs) (he, that)

• स्वस्थः (svasthaḥ) - composed (healthy, self-possessed, composed, at ease)

• भव (bhava) - be (be, become)

• मा (mā) - do not (do not, not)

• शोचः (śocaḥ) - grieve (grieve, lament)

• यात्वा (yātvā) - having gone

• च (ca) - and

• आवस् (āvas) - dwell (dwell, reside)

• ताम् (tām) - that (city) (that, her)

• पुरीम् (purīm) - that city (city, town)

• तथा (tathā) - thus (thus, so, in that manner)

• पित्रा (pitrā) - by your father (by the father)

• नियुक्तः (niyuktaḥ) - instructed (appointed, instructed, commanded)

• असि (asi) - you are

• वशिना (vaśinā) - by your self-controlled (vaśin) (by the self-controlled, by the master, by the powerful)

• वदताम् (vadatām) - of speakers (of those who speak, among speakers)

• वर (vara) - best (of speakers) (best, excellent, boon, choice)

Words meanings and morphology

स (sa) - (particle marking the implied subject 'you' for the imperative verbs) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Used here to emphasize the implied second-person subject of the imperatives.

स्वस्थः (svasthaḥ) - composed (healthy, self-possessed, composed, at ease)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of svastha

svastha - healthy, well, self-possessed, composed, at ease, independent

Compound of 'sva' (self, own) and 'stha' (standing, being).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sva+stha)

• sva – own, self
  pronoun (masculine)
• stha – standing, staying, being
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent Noun/Adjective
  Derived from root √sthā (to stand).
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Predicate adjective for the implied 'you'

भव (bhava) - be (be, become)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of bhū

Imperative Active

2nd person singular imperative active of root √bhū (to be).

Root: bhū (class 1)

मा (mā) - do not (do not, not)

(indeclinable)

Note: Prohibitive particle

शोचः (śocaḥ) - grieve (grieve, lament)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of śuc

Injunctive/Archaic Imperative Active

2nd person singular injunctive or archaic imperative active of root √śuc (to grieve). In classical Sanskrit, 'mā śoca' would be used.

Root: śuc (class 1)

यात्वा (yātvā) - having gone

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root √yā (to go) + suffix -tvā.

Root: yā (class 2)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

आवस् (āvas) - dwell (dwell, reside)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of vas

Imperative Active

2nd person singular imperative active of root √vas (to dwell), with prefix ā-.

Prefix: ā

Root: vas (class 1)

ताम् (tām) - that (city) (that, her)

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Agrees with 'purīm'

पुरीम् (purīm) - that city (city, town)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of purī

purī - city, town, stronghold

Note: Object of 'āvas'

तथा (tathā) - thus (thus, so, in that manner)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb modifying 'niyuktaḥ'

पित्रा (pitrā) - by your father (by the father)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of pitṛ

pitṛ - father

Note: Agent in passive construction ('niyuktaḥ asi')

नियुक्तः (niyuktaḥ) - instructed (appointed, instructed, commanded)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of niyukta

niyukta - appointed, instructed, commanded, engaged, commissioned

Past Passive Participle

Derived from ni- + root √yuj (to join, appoint) + suffix -ta.

Prefix: ni

Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Predicate adjective for 'asi' (you are instructed)

असि (asi) - you are

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

Present Active

2nd person singular present active indicative of root √as (to be).

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Copula linking 'niyuktaḥ' to the subject 'you'

वशिना (vaśinā) - by your self-controlled (vaśin) (by the self-controlled, by the master, by the powerful)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vaśin

vaśin - self-controlled, master, powerful, independent

Derived from 'vaśa' (will, control) + -in (possessive suffix).

Note: Agrees with 'pitrā'

वदताम् (vadatām) - of speakers (of those who speak, among speakers)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of vadat

vadat - speaking, telling, speaker

Present Active Participle

Derived from root √vad (to speak) + suffix -at.

Root: vad (class 1)

Note: Part of the compound 'vadatām vara'

वर (vara) - best (of speakers) (best, excellent, boon, choice)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vara

vara - best, excellent, most eminent, choice, boon

Derived from root √vṛ (to choose).

Root: vṛ (class 9)

Note: Predicate adjective for 'pitrā' (father is the best). Compound 'vadatām vara' means 'best among speakers'.