वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-98, verse-48

कथं दशरथाज्जातः शुद्धाभिजनकर्मणः ।
जानन्धर्ममधर्मिष्ठं कुर्यां कर्म जुगुप्सितम् ॥४८॥

48. kathaṃ daśarathājjātaḥ śuddhābhijanakarmaṇaḥ ,
jānandharmamadharmiṣṭhaṃ kuryāṃ karma jugupsitam.

48. katham daśarathāt jātaḥ śuddhābhijanakarmaṇaḥ
jānan dharmam adharmiṣṭham kuryām karma jugupsitam

48. katham aham śuddhābhijanakarmaṇaḥ daśarathāt jātaḥ
dharmam jānan jugupsitam adharmiṣṭham karma kuryām

48. How could I, born from Dasharatha, who is of pure lineage and actions, knowing the natural law (dharma), perform a hateful, most unrighteous act (karma)?

Words meanings summery:

• कथम् (katham) - how (how, in what manner)

• दशरथात् (daśarathāt) - from Dasharatha

• जातः (jātaḥ) - born (born, produced, arisen)

• शुद्धाभिजनकर्मणः (śuddhābhijanakarmaṇaḥ) - whose lineage and actions are pure (of one whose lineage and actions are pure)

• जानन् (jānan) - knowing (knowing, understanding)

• धर्मम् (dharmam) - the natural law (dharma) (duty, righteousness, law, virtue, natural law)

• अधर्मिष्ठम् (adharmiṣṭham) - most unrighteous (most unrighteous, most unjust)

• कुर्याम् (kuryām) - could I perform (I might do, I should do, I could do)

• कर्म (karma) - act (karma) (action, deed, work, karma)

• जुगुप्सितम् (jugupsitam) - hateful (hated, despised, detested, reprehensible)

Words meanings and morphology

कथम् (katham) - how (how, in what manner)

(indeclinable)

दशरथात् (daśarathāt) - from Dasharatha

(proper noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of daśaratha

daśaratha - Dasharatha (proper name of Rama's father)

जातः (jātaḥ) - born (born, produced, arisen)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jāta

jāta - born, produced, arisen

Past Passive Participle

From root jan (to be born, produce) + kta (P.P.P. suffix)

Root: jan (class 4)

शुद्धाभिजनकर्मणः (śuddhābhijanakarmaṇaḥ) - whose lineage and actions are pure (of one whose lineage and actions are pure)

(adjective)

Ablative, masculine, singular of śuddhābhijanakarmā

śuddhābhijanakarmā - one whose lineage and actions are pure

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (śuddha+abhijana+karman)

• śuddha – pure, clean, clear
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: śudh (class 4)
• abhijana – lineage, family, noble birth
  noun (masculine)
• karman – action, deed, work, karma
  noun (neuter)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Agrees with Dasharatha.

जानन् (jānan) - knowing (knowing, understanding)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jānat

jānat - knowing

Present Active Participle

From root jñā (to know) + śatṛ (P.A.P. suffix)

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Modifies implied 'I' (Rama).

धर्मम् (dharmam) - the natural law (dharma) (duty, righteousness, law, virtue, natural law)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - duty, righteousness, law, virtue, natural law

अधर्मिष्ठम् (adharmiṣṭham) - most unrighteous (most unrighteous, most unjust)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of adharmiṣṭha

adharmiṣṭha - most unrighteous, most unjust

Superlative form of adharmika (unrighteous) or derived from a-dharma + iṣṭha

Note: Agrees with 'karma'.

कुर्याम् (kuryām) - could I perform (I might do, I should do, I could do)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of kṛ

Root: kṛ (class 8)

कर्म (karma) - act (karma) (action, deed, work, karma)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of karman

karman - action, deed, work, karma

जुगुप्सितम् (jugupsitam) - hateful (hated, despised, detested, reprehensible)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of jugupsita

jugupsita - hated, despised, detested, reprehensible

Past Passive Participle

From root jugups (to feel aversion, abhor) + kta (P.P.P. suffix)

Root: gup (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'karma'.