वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-98, verse-24

हृष्यन्त्य् ऋतुमुखं दृष्ट्वा नवं नवमिहागतम् ।
ऋतूनां परिवर्तेन प्राणिनां प्राणसंक्षयः ॥२४॥

24. hṛṣyanty ṛtumukhaṃ dṛṣṭvā navaṃ navamihāgatam ,
ṛtūnāṃ parivartena prāṇināṃ prāṇasaṃkṣayaḥ.

24. hṛṣyanti ṛtumukham dṛṣṭvā navam navam iha āgatam
ṛtūnām parivartena prāṇinām prāṇasaṃkṣayaḥ

24. iha āgatam navam navam ṛtumukham dṛṣṭvā hṛṣyanti
ṛtūnām parivartena prāṇinām prāṇasaṃkṣayaḥ

24. People rejoice upon seeing the arrival of each new season here. (Yet) with the change of seasons comes the destruction of life for living beings.

Words meanings summery:

• हृष्यन्ति (hṛṣyanti) - they rejoice, they are thrilled

• ऋतुमुखम् (ṛtumukham) - the beginning of a season

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, upon seeing

• नवम् (navam) - new (modifying 'ṛtumukham') (new, fresh)

• नवम् (navam) - new (modifying 'ṛtumukham', emphasizing 'each new') (new, fresh)

• इह (iha) - here, in this world

• आगतम् (āgatam) - (the new season's beginning) that has arrived (arrived, come)

• ऋतूनाम् (ṛtūnām) - of the seasons

• परिवर्तेन (parivartena) - by the change, by the alteration

• प्राणिनाम् (prāṇinām) - of living beings, of creatures

• प्राणसंक्षयः (prāṇasaṁkṣayaḥ) - destruction of life, loss of life-breath

Words meanings and morphology

हृष्यन्ति (hṛṣyanti) - they rejoice, they are thrilled

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of hṛṣ

Present Tense, 3rd Person Plural, Active Voice

Root: hṛṣ (class 4)

ऋतुमुखम् (ṛtumukham) - the beginning of a season

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ṛtumukha

ṛtumukha - beginning of a season, face of a season

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ṛtu+mukha)

• ṛtu – season, fixed time
  noun (masculine)
• mukha – mouth, face, opening, beginning, front
  noun (neuter)

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, upon seeing

(indeclinable)

Absolutive

Indeclinable participle from root dṛś

Root: dṛś (class 1)

नवम् (navam) - new (modifying 'ṛtumukham') (new, fresh)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of nava

nava - new, fresh, young, nine

Note: First instance, describing the season's beginning.

नवम् (navam) - new (modifying 'ṛtumukham', emphasizing 'each new') (new, fresh)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of nava

nava - new, fresh, young, nine

Note: Second instance, often used for emphasis 'each new'.

इह (iha) - here, in this world

(indeclinable)

आगतम् (āgatam) - (the new season's beginning) that has arrived (arrived, come)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of āgata

āgata - arrived, come, obtained, approached

Past Passive Participle

From ā-gam 'to come, arrive'

Prefix: ā

Root: gam (class 1)

ऋतूनाम् (ṛtūnām) - of the seasons

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of ṛtu

ṛtu - season, fixed time, period

परिवर्तेन (parivartena) - by the change, by the alteration

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of parivarta

parivarta - change, alteration, revolution, turning

प्राणिनाम् (prāṇinām) - of living beings, of creatures

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of prāṇin

prāṇin - living being, animate creature, sentient being

Root: prāṇ (class 1)

प्राणसंक्षयः (prāṇasaṁkṣayaḥ) - destruction of life, loss of life-breath

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prāṇasaṃkṣaya

prāṇasaṁkṣaya - destruction of life, loss of vital breath

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (prāṇa+saṃkṣaya)

• prāṇa – life-breath, vital air, life, spirit
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: pra
  Root: an (class 2)
• saṃkṣaya – destruction, complete loss, decay
  noun (masculine)
  From sam-kṣi 'to destroy completely'
  Prefix: sam
  Root: kṣi (class 5)