वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-98, verse-22

गात्रेषु वलयः प्राप्ताः श्वेताश्चैव शिरोरुहाः ।
जरया पुरुषो जीर्णः किं हि कृत्वा प्रभावयेत् ॥२२॥

22. gātreṣu valayaḥ prāptāḥ śvetāścaiva śiroruhāḥ ,
jarayā puruṣo jīrṇaḥ kiṃ hi kṛtvā prabhāvayet.

22. gātreṣu valayaḥ prāptāḥ śvetāḥ ca eva śiroruhāḥ
jarayā puruṣaḥ jīrṇaḥ kim hi kṛtvā prabhāvayet

22. puruṣaḥ gātreṣu valayaḥ prāptāḥ śiroruhāḥ ca eva
śvetāḥ jarayā jīrṇaḥ hi kim kṛtvā prabhāvayet

22. Wrinkles have appeared on the limbs, and the hairs on the head have turned white. Worn out by old age, what can a person (puruṣa) possibly do to exert influence?

Words meanings summery:

• गात्रेषु (gātreṣu) - on the limbs, in the body parts

• वलयः (valayaḥ) - wrinkles, folds, circles

• प्राप्ताः (prāptāḥ) - appeared (on the limbs) (obtained, reached, appeared, attained)

• श्वेताः (śvetāḥ) - white

• च (ca) - and

• एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only, even

• शिरोरुहाः (śiroruhāḥ) - hairs of the head

• जरया (jarayā) - by old age

• पुरुषः (puruṣaḥ) - a man, a person, a conscious being (puruṣa)

• जीर्णः (jīrṇaḥ) - worn out (by old age) (worn out, old, decayed, digested)

• किम् (kim) - what (can he do)? (what?)

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

• कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having done, by doing, after doing

• प्रभावयेत् (prabhāvayet) - may he exert influence, may he be effective

Words meanings and morphology

गात्रेषु (gātreṣu) - on the limbs, in the body parts

(noun)

Locative, neuter, plural of gātra

gātra - limb, body part

वलयः (valayaḥ) - wrinkles, folds, circles

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of valaya

valaya - circle, fold, wrinkle, bracelet

प्राप्ताः (prāptāḥ) - appeared (on the limbs) (obtained, reached, appeared, attained)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of prāpta

prāpta - obtained, reached, met with, acquired

Past Passive Participle

From pra-āp, 'to obtain'

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

श्वेताः (śvetāḥ) - white

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śveta

śveta - white, fair, pure

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only, even

(indeclinable)

शिरोरुहाः (śiroruhāḥ) - hairs of the head

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śiroruha

śiroruha - hair (lit. 'growing on the head')

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śiras+ruha)

• śiras – head
  noun (neuter)
• ruha – growing, arising, produced from
  adjective
  Derived from root ruh 'to grow'
  Root: ruh (class 1)

जरया (jarayā) - by old age

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of jarā

jarā - old age, decrepitude

पुरुषः (puruṣaḥ) - a man, a person, a conscious being (puruṣa)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of puruṣa

puruṣa - man, human being, person, conscious being, spirit

जीर्णः (jīrṇaḥ) - worn out (by old age) (worn out, old, decayed, digested)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jīrṇa

jīrṇa - worn out, old, decayed, digested

Past Passive Participle

From root jṝ 'to wear out, decay'

Root: jṝ (class 9)

किम् (kim) - what (can he do)? (what?)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, who, which (interrogative pronoun/adjective/adverb)

Note: Used here adverbially, 'what (can he do)?'

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

(indeclinable)

कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having done, by doing, after doing

(indeclinable)

Absolutive

Indeclinable participle from root kṛ

Root: kṛ (class 8)

प्रभावयेत् (prabhāvayet) - may he exert influence, may he be effective

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi liṅ) of prabhāvayet

Optative mood, 3rd person singular, active voice

From pra-bhū, 'to be'

Prefix: pra

Root: bhū (class 1)