वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-98, verse-8

यथा तु रोपितो वृक्षः पुरुषेण विवर्धितः ।
ह्रस्वकेन दुरारोहो रूढस्कन्धो महाद्रुमः ॥८॥

8. yathā tu ropito vṛkṣaḥ puruṣeṇa vivardhitaḥ ,
hrasvakena durāroho rūḍhaskandho mahādrumaḥ.

8. yathā tu ropitaḥ vṛkṣaḥ puruṣeṇa vivardhitaḥ
hrasvakena durārohaḥ rūḍhaskandhaḥ mahādrumaḥ

8. yathā tu puruṣeṇa ropitaḥ vivardhitaḥ vṛkṣaḥ
rūḍhaskandhaḥ mahādrumaḥ hrasvakena durārohaḥ

8. Indeed, just as a tree, once planted and nurtured by a person (puruṣa), becomes a mighty tree (mahādruma) with a fully developed trunk, making it difficult for a short person to climb.

Words meanings summery:

• यथा (yathā) - just as, as, in which way

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

• रोपितः (ropitaḥ) - planted, sown

• वृक्षः (vṛkṣaḥ) - tree

• पुरुषेण (puruṣeṇa) - by a person (puruṣa), by a man

• विवर्धितः (vivardhitaḥ) - nurtured, grown, developed

• ह्रस्वकेन (hrasvakena) - by a short person, by a dwarf

• दुरारोहः (durārohaḥ) - difficult to ascend, difficult to climb, inaccessible

• रूढस्कन्धः (rūḍhaskandhaḥ) - with a fully developed trunk (having a firm trunk, with grown branches)

• महाद्रुमः (mahādrumaḥ) - a mighty tree (a great tree, a large tree)

Words meanings and morphology

यथा (yathā) - just as, as, in which way

(indeclinable)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

रोपितः (ropitaḥ) - planted, sown

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ropita

ropita - planted, sown, fixed, erected

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of the causative of root ruh (to grow, ascend)

Root: ruh (class 1)

वृक्षः (vṛkṣaḥ) - tree

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vṛkṣa

vṛkṣa - tree

पुरुषेण (puruṣeṇa) - by a person (puruṣa), by a man

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of puruṣa

puruṣa - person, man, human being, the Supreme Being (puruṣa)

विवर्धितः (vivardhitaḥ) - nurtured, grown, developed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vivardhita

vivardhita - grown, nurtured, increased, developed

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of vi-vṛdh

Prefix: vi

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

ह्रस्वकेन (hrasvakena) - by a short person, by a dwarf

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of hrasvaka

hrasvaka - short, small, dwarf, a short person

दुरारोहः (durārohaḥ) - difficult to ascend, difficult to climb, inaccessible

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of durāroha

durāroha - difficult to ascend, difficult to climb, inaccessible

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dur+āroha)

• dur – bad, difficult, ill
  indeclinable
• āroha – ascending, climbing, mounting
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: ruh (class 1)

रूढस्कन्धः (rūḍhaskandhaḥ) - with a fully developed trunk (having a firm trunk, with grown branches)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rūḍhaskandha

rūḍhaskandha - having a firm trunk, with grown branches/shoulders

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (rūḍha+skandha)

• rūḍha – grown, ascended, firmly established, famous
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Past Passive Participle of root ruh
  Root: ruh (class 1)
• skandha – trunk (of a tree), shoulder, part, chapter
  noun (masculine)

महाद्रुमः (mahādrumaḥ) - a mighty tree (a great tree, a large tree)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahādruma

mahādruma - a great tree, a large tree

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+druma)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• druma – tree
  noun (masculine)