वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-98, verse-1

ततः पुरुषसिंहानां वृतानां तैः सुहृद्गणैः ।
शोचतामेव रजनी दुःखेन व्यत्यवर्तत ॥१॥

1. tataḥ puruṣasiṃhānāṃ vṛtānāṃ taiḥ suhṛdgaṇaiḥ ,
śocatāmeva rajanī duḥkhena vyatyavartata.

1. tataḥ puruṣasiṃhānām vṛtānām taiḥ suhṛdgaṇaiḥ
śocatām eva rajanī duḥkhena vyatyavartata

1. Then, for those lion-like men, who were surrounded by their groups of friends and lamenting, the night passed with sorrow.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thereafter, from that)

• पुरुषसिंहानाम् (puruṣasiṁhānām) - of those lion-like men (of the lion-like men, of the best among men)

• वृतानाम् (vṛtānām) - for those who were surrounded (of those surrounded, encompassed)

• तैः (taiḥ) - by them

• सुहृद्गणैः (suhṛdgaṇaiḥ) - by their groups of friends (by the groups of friends)

• शोचताम् (śocatām) - while they lamented (of those lamenting, grieving)

• एव (eva) - only, just, indeed

• रजनी (rajanī) - night

• दुःखेन (duḥkhena) - with sorrow (by sorrow, with difficulty)

• व्यत्यवर्तत (vyatyavartata) - passed (passed, elapsed)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thereafter, from that)

(indeclinable)

पुरुषसिंहानाम् (puruṣasiṁhānām) - of those lion-like men (of the lion-like men, of the best among men)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of puruṣasiṃha

puruṣasiṁha - lion among men, excellent man

Compound type : tatpurusha (puruṣa+siṃha)

• puruṣa – man, person, male
  noun (masculine)
• siṃha – lion
  noun (masculine)

वृतानाम् (vṛtānām) - for those who were surrounded (of those surrounded, encompassed)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of vṛta

vṛta - surrounded, chosen, covered

Past Passive Participle

from root vṛ (to cover, encompass)

Root: vṛ (class 5)

तैः (taiḥ) - by them

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

सुहृद्गणैः (suhṛdgaṇaiḥ) - by their groups of friends (by the groups of friends)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of suhṛdgaṇa

suhṛdgaṇa - group of friends

Compound type : tatpurusha (suhṛd+gaṇa)

• suhṛd – friend, well-wisher
  noun (masculine)
• gaṇa – group, multitude, troop
  noun (masculine)

शोचताम् (śocatām) - while they lamented (of those lamenting, grieving)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of śocat

śocat - lamenting, grieving

Present Active Participle

from root śuc (to grieve, sorrow)

Root: śuc (class 1)

एव (eva) - only, just, indeed

(indeclinable)

रजनी (rajanī) - night

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of rajanī

rajanī - night

दुःखेन (duḥkhena) - with sorrow (by sorrow, with difficulty)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - sorrow, pain, suffering, difficulty

व्यत्यवर्तत (vyatyavartata) - passed (passed, elapsed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of vyativṛt

from vi- + ati- + vṛt (to turn)

Prefixes: vi+ati

Root: vṛt (class 1)