वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-98, verse-42

संमतश्चासि वृद्धानां तांश्च पृच्छसि संशयान् ।
यथा मृतस्तथा जीवन्यथासति तथा सति ॥४२॥

42. saṃmataścāsi vṛddhānāṃ tāṃśca pṛcchasi saṃśayān ,
yathā mṛtastathā jīvanyathāsati tathā sati.

42. saṃmataḥ ca asi vṛddhānām tān ca pṛcchasi saṃśayān
| yathā mṛtaḥ tathā jīvan yathā asati tathā sati

42. saṃmataḥ ca asi vṛddhānām tān ca pṛcchasi saṃśayān
yathā mṛtaḥ tathā jīvan yathā asati tathā sati

42. You are respected by the elders, and you consult them regarding your doubts. For you, the state of being dead is like being alive, and the non-existent is like the existent.

Words meanings summery:

• संमतः (saṁmataḥ) - respected (by elders) (respected, approved, agreed upon)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• असि (asi) - you are

• वृद्धानाम् (vṛddhānām) - of the elders (of the elders, of the old ones)

• तान् (tān) - them (the elders) (them, those)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• पृच्छसि (pṛcchasi) - you ask (you ask, you inquire)

• संशयान् (saṁśayān) - doubts (doubts, uncertainties)

• यथा (yathā) - just as (as, just as, in which way)

• मृतः (mṛtaḥ) - dead (dead, deceased)

• तथा (tathā) - so also (so, thus, in that way)

• जीवन् (jīvan) - living (living, alive)

• यथा (yathā) - just as (as, just as, in which way)

• असति (asati) - in the non-existent (in the non-existent, in the unreal, when not existing)

• तथा (tathā) - so also (so, thus, in that way)

• सति (sati) - in the existent (in the existent, in the real, when existing)

Words meanings and morphology

संमतः (saṁmataḥ) - respected (by elders) (respected, approved, agreed upon)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃmata

saṁmata - respected, approved, agreed, honored

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root man (to think, believe) with prefix sam (together, thoroughly).

Prefix: sam

Root: man (class 8)

Note: Used here in nominative masculine singular, agreeing with an implied 'you'.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

असि (asi) - you are

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

Present active indicative, 2nd person singular

Root as (to be)

Root: as (class 2)

वृद्धानाम् (vṛddhānām) - of the elders (of the elders, of the old ones)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of vṛddha

vṛddha - old, aged, grown, wise, elder

Past Passive Participle

From root vṛdh (to grow).

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

तान् (tān) - them (the elders) (them, those)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Refers back to vṛddhānām.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

पृच्छसि (pṛcchasi) - you ask (you ask, you inquire)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of prach

Present active indicative, 2nd person singular

Root prach (to ask). The ṛ is a common substitution for r in the present stem formation.

Root: prach (class 6)

संशयान् (saṁśayān) - doubts (doubts, uncertainties)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of saṃśaya

saṁśaya - doubt, uncertainty, hesitation

From prefix sam + root śī (to lie, hesitate).

Prefix: sam

Root: śī (class 2)

Note: Object of pṛcchasi.

यथा (yathā) - just as (as, just as, in which way)

(indeclinable)

Correlative adverb.

मृतः (mṛtaḥ) - dead (dead, deceased)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mṛta

mṛta - dead, deceased, died

Past Passive Participle

From root mṛ (to die).

Root: mṛ (class 6)

Note: Predicative adjective.

तथा (tathā) - so also (so, thus, in that way)

(indeclinable)

Correlative adverb to yathā.

जीवन् (jīvan) - living (living, alive)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jīvat

jīvat - living, alive, existing

Present Active Participle

From root jīv (to live).

Root: jīv (class 1)

यथा (yathā) - just as (as, just as, in which way)

(indeclinable)

Correlative adverb.

असति (asati) - in the non-existent (in the non-existent, in the unreal, when not existing)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of asat

asat - non-existent, unreal, false, bad

Present Active Participle (negative)

Negative prefix a + present participle of root as (to be).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+sat)

• a – not, un-, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative particle.
• sat – existing, real, good, true
  adjective (neuter)
  Present Active Participle
  From root as (to be).
  Root: as (class 2)

Note: Refers to the state of non-existence.

तथा (tathā) - so also (so, thus, in that way)

(indeclinable)

Correlative adverb to yathā.

सति (sati) - in the existent (in the existent, in the real, when existing)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of sat

sat - existing, real, true, good

Present Active Participle

From root as (to be).

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Refers to the state of existence.

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