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बृहत्-पाराशर-होरा-शास्त्रम्       bṛhat-pārāśara-horā-śāstram - chapter-44, verse-12

उत्तमायुः शतादूर्ध्वं ज्ञातव्यं द्विजसत्तम ।
जनैर्विंशतिवर्षान्त्यमायुर्ज्ञातं न शक्यते ॥१२॥
12. uttamāyuḥ śatādūrdhvaṃ jñātavyaṃ dvijasattama .
janairviṃśativarṣāntyamāyurjñātaṃ na śakyate.
12. uttamāyuḥ śatāt ūrdhvam jñātavyam dvijasattama
janaiḥ viṃśativarṣāntyam āyuḥ jñātam na śakyate
12. O best among the twice-born (dvijasattama), it should be understood that the maximum lifespan extends above one hundred years. Nevertheless, people cannot determine a lifespan that concludes within twenty years.

Words meanings summery:

(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)

  • उत्तमायुः (uttamāyuḥ) - maximum lifespan, excellent age
  • शतात् (śatāt) - from a hundred, beyond a hundred
  • ऊर्ध्वम् (ūrdhvam) - above, upwards, beyond
  • ज्ञातव्यम् (jñātavyam) - should be known, knowable, to be understood
  • द्विजसत्तम (dvijasattama) - Refers to Maitreya, Parashara's interlocutor. (O best among the twice-born, O excellent Brahmin)
  • जनैः (janaiḥ) - by people
  • विंशतिवर्षान्त्यम् (viṁśativarṣāntyam) - ending in twenty years, up to twenty years
  • आयुः (āyuḥ) - lifespan, life
  • ज्ञातम् (jñātam) - known, ascertained
  • (na) - not, no
  • शक्यते (śakyate) - is possible, can be done

Words meanings and morphology

उत्तमायुः (uttamāyuḥ) - maximum lifespan, excellent age
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of uttamāyuḥ
uttamāyuḥ - excellent lifespan, highest age
Compound type : karmadhāraya (uttama+āyuḥ)
  • uttama – best, excellent, highest
    adjective (masculine)
    superlative of ud-/ut
  • āyuḥ – life, lifespan, duration of life
    noun (neuter)
शतात् (śatāt) - from a hundred, beyond a hundred
(noun)
Ablative, neuter, singular of śata
śata - a hundred
ऊर्ध्वम् (ūrdhvam) - above, upwards, beyond
(indeclinable)
Note: Acts as an adverb here.
ज्ञातव्यम् (jñātavyam) - should be known, knowable, to be understood
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of jñātavya
jñātavya - to be known, knowable
Gerundive
formed from root jñā + tavya pratyaya
Root: jñā (class 9)
Note: Predicative adjective.
द्विजसत्तम (dvijasattama) - Refers to Maitreya, Parashara's interlocutor. (O best among the twice-born, O excellent Brahmin)
(proper noun)
Vocative, masculine, singular of dvijasattama
dvijasattama - best among the twice-born, excellent Brahmin
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dvija+sattama)
  • dvija – twice-born (Brahmin, bird, tooth)
    noun (masculine)
  • sattama – best, most excellent
    adjective (masculine)
    superlative of sat
    Root: as (class 2)
जनैः (janaiḥ) - by people
(noun)
Instrumental, masculine, plural of jana
jana - person, people, man
Root: jan (class 4)
Note: Agent in a passive construction.
विंशतिवर्षान्त्यम् (viṁśativarṣāntyam) - ending in twenty years, up to twenty years
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of viṃśativarṣāntya
viṁśativarṣāntya - ending with twenty years
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (viṃśati+varṣa+antya)
  • viṃśati – twenty
    numeral (feminine)
  • varṣa – year, rain
    noun (neuter)
    Root: vṛṣ (class 1)
  • antya – last, final, ending
    adjective (neuter)
    Root: ant
Note: Qualifies 'āyuḥ'.
आयुः (āyuḥ) - lifespan, life
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of āyuḥ
āyuḥ - life, lifespan, duration of life
Note: Subject of the passive verb 'śakyate'.
ज्ञातम् (jñātam) - known, ascertained
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of jñāta
jñāta - known, perceived
Past Passive Participle
Formed from root jñā + kta pratyaya
Root: jñā (class 9)
Note: Predicative participle.
(na) - not, no
(indeclinable)
Note: Negating particle.
शक्यते (śakyate) - is possible, can be done
(verb)
3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of śak
Present Middle
Passive of the root śak
Root: śak (class 5)
Note: The meaning is "it can be known."