महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-50, verse-47

न हायनैर्न पलितैर्न वित्तेन न बन्धुभिः ।
ऋषयश्चक्रिरे धर्मं योऽनूचानः स नो महान् ॥४७॥

47. na hāyanairna palitairna vittena na bandhubhiḥ ,
ṛṣayaścakrire dharmaṁ yo'nūcānaḥ sa no mahān.

47. na hāyanaiḥ na palitaiḥ na vittena na bandhubhiḥ
ṛṣayaḥ cakrire dharmam yaḥ anūcānaḥ saḥ naḥ mahān

47. ṛṣayaḥ dharmam cakrire na hāyanaiḥ na palitaiḥ na
vittena na bandhubhiḥ yaḥ anūcānaḥ saḥ naḥ mahān

47. The sages determined that what constitutes intrinsic nature (dharma) is not based on age, grey hairs, wealth, or family connections; rather, the one who is learned (anūcāna) is considered great by us.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not, no, nor

• हायनैः (hāyanaiḥ) - by years, by ages

• न (na) - not, no, nor

• पलितैः (palitaiḥ) - by grey hairs, by whiteness (of hair)

• न (na) - not, no, nor

• वित्तेन (vittena) - by wealth, by property, by acquisition

• न (na) - not, no, nor

• बन्धुभिः (bandhubhiḥ) - by relatives, by kinsmen, by friends

• ऋषयः (ṛṣayaḥ) - the sages, the seers

• चक्रिरे (cakrire) - they made, they did, they established, they determined

• धर्मम् (dharmam) - the intrinsic nature or principle of defining greatness (the natural law, duty, righteousness, constitution)

• यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

• अनूचानः (anūcānaḥ) - one who has studied the Vedas (learned, well-read, skilled)

• सः (saḥ) - he, that (one)

• नः (naḥ) - to us, for us, our

• महान् (mahān) - great, mighty, important

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not, no, nor

(indeclinable)

हायनैः (hāyanaiḥ) - by years, by ages

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of hāyana

hāyana - year, age

Derived from root 'hā' (to go, leave) or 'hāy' (to grow old). Refers to a year or period of age

Root: hā (class 3)

न (na) - not, no, nor

(indeclinable)

पलितैः (palitaiḥ) - by grey hairs, by whiteness (of hair)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of palita

palita - grey-haired, grey, hoary; grey hair, whiteness

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of 'pal' (to be old, grey), used as a noun

Root: pal

न (na) - not, no, nor

(indeclinable)

वित्तेन (vittena) - by wealth, by property, by acquisition

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of vitta

vitta - wealth, property, riches

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of root 'vid' (to find, obtain, know), used as a noun

Root: vid (class 6)

न (na) - not, no, nor

(indeclinable)

बन्धुभिः (bandhubhiḥ) - by relatives, by kinsmen, by friends

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of bandhu

bandhu - relative, kinsman, friend, connection

From root 'bandh' (to bind, connect)

Root: bandh (class 9)

ऋषयः (ṛṣayaḥ) - the sages, the seers

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ṛṣi

ṛṣi - sage, seer, inspired poet

From root 'ṛṣ' (to go, flow), or 'dṛś' (to see) with prefix. Vedic seers

Root: ṛṣ

चक्रिरे (cakrire) - they made, they did, they established, they determined

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, perfect (liṭ) of kṛ

Perfect tense, 3rd person plural, Ātmanepada

Root 'kṛ', perfect (liṭ) form

Root: kṛ (class 8)

धर्मम् (dharmam) - the intrinsic nature or principle of defining greatness (the natural law, duty, righteousness, constitution)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, duty, righteousness, constitution, intrinsic nature

From root 'dhṛ' (to uphold, support, bear)

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Relative pronoun

अनूचानः (anūcānaḥ) - one who has studied the Vedas (learned, well-read, skilled)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anūcāna

anūcāna - one who has studied or recited the Vedas, learned

Past Active Participle

Derived from 'anu-vac' (to recite after). Specifically refers to one learned in the Vedas

Prefix: anu

Root: vac (class 2)

सः (saḥ) - he, that (one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun

नः (naḥ) - to us, for us, our

(pronoun)

Dative, plural of asmad

asmad - we, us, our

Dative/Genitive/Accusative plural of 'asmad' (we). Here dative or genitive, implying 'to us' or 'for us'

महान् (mahān) - great, mighty, important

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahant

mahant - great, large, mighty

Present participle of 'mah' (to be great) used as adjective

Root: mah (class 1)