महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-50, verse-40

तेषां क्षुधापरीतानां नष्टा वेदा विधावताम् ।
सर्वेषामेव राजेन्द्र न कश्चित्प्रतिभानवान् ॥४०॥

40. teṣāṁ kṣudhāparītānāṁ naṣṭā vedā vidhāvatām ,
sarveṣāmeva rājendra na kaścitpratibhānavān.

40. teṣām kṣudhāparītānām naṣṭāḥ vedāḥ vidhāvatām
sarveṣām eva rājendra na kaścit pratibhānavān

40. rājendra sarveṣām eva teṣām kṣudhāparītānām vidhāvatām vedāḥ naṣṭāḥ,
kaścit pratibhānavān na

40. O king of kings, for all of them, who were overcome by hunger and constantly moving, the Vedas were lost, and not one among them was truly sagacious.

Words meanings summery:

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - for those sages (of them, for them)

• क्षुधापरीतानाम् (kṣudhāparītānām) - of those overcome by hunger

• नष्टाः (naṣṭāḥ) - were forgotten, were no longer remembered (lost, destroyed, ruined)

• वेदाः (vedāḥ) - the Vedas, sacred knowledge

• विधावताम् (vidhāvatām) - of those wandering in search of food/sustenance (of those who were running about, of those who were moving swiftly)

• सर्वेषाम् (sarveṣām) - of all the sages (of all, for all)

• एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only, just

• राजेन्द्र (rājendra) - (addressing the listener, Dhṛtarāṣṭra or Janamejaya in some contexts) (O king of kings, O chief of kings)

• न (na) - not, no

• कश्चित् (kaścit) - not anyone (anyone, someone)

• प्रतिभानवान् (pratibhānavān) - intelligent, sagacious, quick-witted

Words meanings and morphology

तेषाम् (teṣām) - for those sages (of them, for them)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the sages mentioned in the previous verse.

क्षुधापरीतानाम् (kṣudhāparītānām) - of those overcome by hunger

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of kṣudhāparīta

kṣudhāparīta - overcome by hunger, afflicted by hunger

Compound of 'kṣudhā' (hunger) and 'parīta' (surrounded, overcome)

Compound type : instrumental tatpuruṣa (kṣudhā+parīta)

• kṣudhā – hunger, appetite
  noun (feminine)
• parīta – surrounded, encompassed, overcome
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'i' (to go) with prefix 'pari-'
  Prefix: pari
  Root: i (class 2)

नष्टाः (naṣṭāḥ) - were forgotten, were no longer remembered (lost, destroyed, ruined)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of naṣṭa

naṣṭa - lost, destroyed, perished, gone

Past Passive Participle

From root 'naś' (to perish)

Root: naś (class 4)

Note: Predicative adjective.

वेदाः (vedāḥ) - the Vedas, sacred knowledge

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of veda

veda - Veda, knowledge, sacred knowledge

From root 'vid' (to know)

Root: vid (class 2)

विधावताम् (vidhāvatām) - of those wandering in search of food/sustenance (of those who were running about, of those who were moving swiftly)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of vidhāvat

vidhāvat - running about, moving swiftly, wandering

Present Active Participle

From root 'dhāv' (to run) with prefix 'vi-'

Prefix: vi

Root: dhāv (class 1)

Note: Participle agreeing with 'teṣām' and 'kṣudhāparītānām'.

सर्वेषाम् (sarveṣām) - of all the sages (of all, for all)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only, just

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

राजेन्द्र (rājendra) - (addressing the listener, Dhṛtarāṣṭra or Janamejaya in some contexts) (O king of kings, O chief of kings)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājendra

rājendra - chief of kings, king of kings

Compound of 'rājan' (king) and 'indra' (chief)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rājan+indra)

• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
• indra – Indra (name of a deity), chief, best
  noun (masculine)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negation particle.

कश्चित् (kaścit) - not anyone (anyone, someone)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kaścid

kaścid - anyone, someone, a certain one

From 'ka' (who) + 'cid' (indefinite particle)

Note: Used with 'na' to mean "no one".

प्रतिभानवान् (pratibhānavān) - intelligent, sagacious, quick-witted

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pratibhānavat

pratibhānavat - having intelligence, sagacious, brilliant

Derived from 'pratibhāna' (intelligence) with possessive suffix '-vat'

Note: Possessive adjective.