महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-50, verse-35

तस्यां द्वादशवार्षिक्यामनावृष्ट्यां महर्षयः ।
वृत्त्यर्थं प्राद्रवन्राजन्क्षुधार्ताः सर्वतोदिशम् ॥३५॥

35. tasyāṁ dvādaśavārṣikyāmanāvṛṣṭyāṁ maharṣayaḥ ,
vṛttyarthaṁ prādravanrājankṣudhārtāḥ sarvatodiśam.

35. tasyām dvādaśavārṣikyām anāvṛṣṭyām maharṣayaḥ
vṛttyartham prādravan rājan kṣudhārtāḥ sarvatodiśam

35. rājan tasyām dvādaśavārṣikyām anāvṛṣṭyām kṣudhārtāḥ
maharṣayaḥ vṛttyartham sarvatodiśam prādravan

35. O King, during that twelve-year-long drought, the great sages, afflicted by hunger, fled in all directions for their livelihood.

Words meanings summery:

• तस्याम् (tasyām) - in that (drought) (in that, in her)

• द्वादशवार्षिक्याम् (dvādaśavārṣikyām) - in the twelve-year-long (drought) (in the twelve-year-long)

• अनावृष्ट्याम् (anāvṛṣṭyām) - in the drought (in the drought, in the lack of rain)

• महर्षयः (maharṣayaḥ) - great sages

• वृत्त्यर्थम् (vṛttyartham) - for livelihood (for livelihood, for the sake of subsistence)

• प्राद्रवन् (prādravan) - they fled (they ran forth, they fled)

• राजन् (rājan) - O King

• क्षुधार्ताः (kṣudhārtāḥ) - afflicted by hunger (afflicted by hunger, tormented by hunger)

• सर्वतोदिशम् (sarvatodiśam) - in all directions

Words meanings and morphology

तस्याम् (tasyām) - in that (drought) (in that, in her)

(pronoun)

Locative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, it

Note: Refers to anāvṛṣṭyām

द्वादशवार्षिक्याम् (dvādaśavārṣikyām) - in the twelve-year-long (drought) (in the twelve-year-long)

(adjective)

Locative, feminine, singular of dvādaśavārṣika

dvādaśavārṣika - twelve-year-long, lasting twelve years

Derived from dvādaśa (twelve) and varṣa (year) + -ika (suffix indicating 'related to' or 'lasting')

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dvādaśa+varṣa)

• dvādaśa – twelve
  numeral
• varṣa – year, rain
  noun (neuter)
  Root: vṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with anāvṛṣṭyām

अनावृष्ट्याम् (anāvṛṣṭyām) - in the drought (in the drought, in the lack of rain)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of anāvṛṣṭi

anāvṛṣṭi - drought, absence of rain

Compound of 'an-' (negation) and 'āvṛṣṭi' (rain)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (an+āvṛṣṭi)

• an – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• āvṛṣṭi – rain
  noun (feminine)
  Derived from root vṛṣ with prefix ā
  Prefix: ā
  Root: vṛṣ (class 1)

महर्षयः (maharṣayaḥ) - great sages

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of maharṣi

maharṣi - great sage, eminent seer

Vriddhi sandhi of mahā (great) + ṛṣi (sage)

Compound type : karma-dhāraya (mahā+ṛṣi)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• ṛṣi – sage, seer
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ṛṣ (class 5)

Note: Subject of prādravan

वृत्त्यर्थम् (vṛttyartham) - for livelihood (for livelihood, for the sake of subsistence)

(indeclinable)

Compound of vṛtti (livelihood) and artha (purpose, sake)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vṛtti+artha)

• vṛtti – livelihood, subsistence, course of conduct
  noun (feminine)
  From root vṛt (to be, to exist)
  Root: vṛt (class 1)
• artha – purpose, aim, meaning, wealth
  noun (masculine)

Note: Used adverbially

प्राद्रवन् (prādravan) - they fled (they ran forth, they fled)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of dru

Imperfect Active

3rd person plural, imperfect active

Prefix: pra

Root: dru (class 1)

राजन् (rājan) - O King

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king

Note: Addressing a king

क्षुधार्ताः (kṣudhārtāḥ) - afflicted by hunger (afflicted by hunger, tormented by hunger)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kṣudhārta

kṣudhārta - afflicted by hunger

Compound of kṣudh (hunger) and ārta (afflicted)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kṣudh+ārta)

• kṣudh – hunger
  noun (feminine)
  Root: kṣudh (class 4)
• ārta – afflicted, distressed, suffering
  Past Passive Participle (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root ṛ (to go) or ṛt (to suffer), with prefix ā
  Prefix: ā
  Root: ṛ (class 3)

Note: Agrees with maharṣayaḥ

सर्वतोदिशम् (sarvatodiśam) - in all directions

(indeclinable)

Compound of sarvataḥ (from all sides) and diś (direction), with -am suffix for adverbial use.

Compound type : avyayībhāva (sarvataḥ+diś)

• sarvataḥ – from all sides, everywhere
  indeclinable
  Derived from sarva (all) with the suffix -tas
• diś – direction, quarter
  noun (feminine)
  Root: diś (class 6)

Note: Functions adverbially to indicate direction of movement.